The rhodium(I) and iridium(I) complexes [M(Cl){ArN=C(H)-C(H)=NAr}(CNtBu)] (1: M = Rh, Ar = 2,6-iPr 2 C 6 H 3 ; 2: M = Rh, Ar = Mes; 3: M = Ir, Ar = Mes; Mes = 2,4,6-Me 3 C 6 H 2 ) have been prepared by the reaction of [M(μ-Cl)(coe) 2 ] 2 (M = Rh, Ir; coe = cyclooctene) with the α-dialdimines ArN=C(H)-C(H)=NAr (Ar = 2,6-iPr 2 C 6 H 3 , Mes) in thf, followed by the addition of CNtBu. XANES spectra and DFT calculations on 2 and 3 suggest an oxidation state +I at the metal centers. Treatment of the complexes 2 and 3 with O 2 or 18 O 2 gave the peroxido complexes [M(Cl)(O 2 ){MesN=C(H)C(H)=NMes}-[a] Humboldt-