“…The limitation of the VAR model is the lack of built-on economic theory that imposes a theoretical structure on the equation; and this makes a direct interpretation of the estimated coefficients difficult (Gupta et al, 2020). Despite this limitation, the VAR model is applied in various fields such as economics (Nicholson et al, 2017;Hamzah et al, 2020;Muschilati & Irsalinda, 2020;Putri et al, 2021), ecology (Lui et al, 2007), energy (Usman et al, 2019;Farih & Prastyo, 2022), health ( (Sukono et al, 2023) and environment (Damon & Guillas, 2002;(Gweba et al, 2023).…”