Application of Virtual Reality and Plant Modeling for Participation in Urban Planning and Design

Abstract

In landscape planning, visualization of landscape is a powerful tool for public understanding and for selection of alternative plans. In recent years, three dimensional (3D) computer graphics (CG) were used as visualization tools of environment because it has the ability to accurately simulate the changes caused by a proposed plan. In particular, virtual reality (VR), which enables to walk through in a modeled park or in a visualized forest, was considered as the advanced technique of landscape visualization. In this study, we developed a landscape visualization system with graphic user interface, which we named VR-Terrain (GUI version), to generate the virtual reality image easily by using VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) and plant modeling techniques. In order to test the feasibility of the landscape visualization system, we applied the system to Ichinoe Urban Design Plan. Ichinoe is located at Edogawa Ward, Tokyo. There is a Sakaikawa Shinsui Park with water space surrounded by large amount of green. In the case study, we simulated the landscape of Sakaikawa Shinsui Park with about 200 plants and 300 buildings. We used the images simulated by VR-Terrain to explain the concept (such as building height limit) to the residents in the public meetings. It took about 30 hours to make the 3D model of the town. After ten minutes of training, anybody can walk through in the simulated town freely. The results showed that the VR image by the system helped the public understanding of the concept of the urban plan.

Factors influencing the performance of virtual reality in urban planning: Evidence from a View corridor Virtual Reality project, Beijing

“…Except for the functions specifically developed for users to interact, imagine and immerse themselves in a virtual setting, VR systems also include functions that can be found in commonly used PSSs, including but not limited to data gathering, data storage, 2D visualization, etc. For instance, the study by Lim et al (2009) shows that VR systems provide better opportunities for relevant stakeholders to participate in the planning or design process and thus are better capable of gathering knowledge such as ideas and suggestions from alternative sources. Below, we list the six function variables most relevant to VR systems.…”

“…Except for the functions specifically developed for users to interact, imagine and immerse themselves in a virtual setting, VR systems also include functions that can be found in commonly used PSSs, including but not limited to data gathering, data storage, 2D visualization, etc. For instance, the study by Lim et al (2009) shows that VR systems provide better opportunities for relevant stakeholders to participate in the planning or design process and thus are better capable of gathering knowledge such as ideas and suggestions from alternative sources. Below, we list the six function variables most relevant to VR systems.• Data gathering: technical capability of collecting geo-data• Data storage: technical capability of storing geo-data• 2D visualization: technical capability of generating 2D pictures or images• 3D visualization: technical capability of producing 3D pictures, images, or movies• Simulating real-world scenes: technical capability of generating images, sounds and other sensations that simulate the real-world environment• Immersion: technical capability of enabling participants to have the perception of being physically present in a non-physical world…”

Landscape Simulation and Visualization on Google Earth

“…We have been studying the walk-through simulation in the landscape with the system that used VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) (Honjo and Lim [3], Lim and Honjo [4], Lim et al [5]). Visualization on Google Earth, which uses KML (Keyhole Markup Language), is achieved with same method in the system of VRML.…”