Application of Water Quality Index for the Assessment of Water from Different Sources in Nigeria

Adelagun, R.O.A.; Etim, E. E.; Godwin, Oko Emmanuel

doi:10.5772/intechopen.98696

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…A Water Quality Index (WQI) is a numerical summarization of water quality data in a simple and consistent manner so as to be understandable and useable by the general public (Adelagun et al, 2021;Bhat et al, 2022). Suitable parameters were used to compare the water quality to WHO and Indian standard values (Kizar, 2018; BIS, 2012) to construct the water quality index using a slightly modi ed version of Weighted Arithmetic Index method (Table 1) (Deshpande et al, 2021).…”

Section: Water Quality Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Faults and Fractures on Springwater Quality and Discharge of West Phaileng, Mizoram

Sailo,

Vanlalhruaia

2024

Preprint

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The North Eastern part of India compromises of hilly slopes and ridges. The main source of water is of river, streams, rainfall and springs. Due to change in environmental variables, many springs and streams are drying up as discharge decreases. A lithological study shows the area to consist of clay, silt, shale, siltstone and sandstone where porosity is low leading to low yielding capacity. Hydrogeological and geochemical composition studied represents the water within this region as immature and major ions composition shows Na+>Mg2+>Ca2+>Mn2+>Fe2+>K+ in cations and anoins HCO3->Cl->SO42->NO3->PO43-. The mineral saturation indices constructed using PHREEQC showed supersaturation with dolomite, siderite and vivianite. The hydrogeochemical formation mechanism using Gibbs Diagram and Piper diagram suggested rock weathering type. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed as a multivariate analysis to determine the correlation between different components of hydrogeochemistry. The assessment of springwater quality using water quality index (WQI) shows good quality for most of the samples. A conceptual recharge model was the constructed anticipating mountain front recharge as major recharge of spring water. The springwater hydrograph was modelled using Maillets. It was observed that two types of flow, firstly the initial larget slope corresponding to conduit flow and secondly smaller slope to the diffuse flow was system. Thus the main mechanism of recharge in the hilly regions of West Phaileng was attributed to the mountain front recharge which is influenced by faults and fractures.

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Section: Water Quality Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Faults and Fractures on Springwater Quality and Discharge of West Phaileng, Mizoram

Sailo,

Vanlalhruaia

2024

Preprint

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“…The interviews were also conducted with the Deputy Directors of Gilgit Development Authority (GDA) and 4 to record their opinion regarding water issues. Moreover, Water Quality Index (WQI) was also calculated by measuring pH, TDS, Nitrate, Nitrite, Fluoride, Hardness, Chloride at each water sampling site using equation 1 (Garcia-Avila et al, 2022;Adelagun et al, 2021;Akter et al, 2016) in ArcMap Model Builder using iteration function and ArcPy as well. Flow chart of the methodology is displayed in figure 3.…”

Section: Data Collection and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 1: Gilgit City Jurisdiction Map Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Assistant Professor of Water Quality Lab of Karakoram International University (KIU) and Water Quality Manager of Agha Khan Development Network (AKDN) in the study area stated in table4to record their opinion regarding water issues. Moreover, Water Quality Index (WQI) was also calculated by measuring pH, TDS, Nitrate, Nitrite, Fluoride, Hardness, Chloride at each water sampling site using equation 1(Garcia-Avila et al, 2022;Adelagun et al, 2021;Akter et al, 2016) in ArcMap Model Builder using iteration function and ArcPy as well. Flow chart of the methodology is displayed in figure3.∑ ∑…”

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confidence: 99%

Water Quality Assessment Using Water Quality Index: A Case Study of High Altitude Area, Gilgit City, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan

Asif¹

2023

PJS

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The research aimed to evaluate the surface water quality of Gilgit city by comparingthe actual values of physio-chemical and microbiological parameters with that of the national standardsfor drinking water quality of Pakistan. A total of Sixteen surface water samples were gathered from thestudy area to analyze their quality. Multiple parameters including fluoride, hardness, pH, nitrite,nitrate, chloride, and TDS were mapped spatially using inverse distance weighting. To compute waterquality index, ArcGIS Model Builder and ArcPy were employed. The key informants interviews andfocus group discussions were also conducted to list the water-related problems. The findings of thewater quality index ensured the good quality of collected surface water samples using physicochemicalparameters but the occurrence of microbiological contamination in both rivers declared water unfit fordrinking. It showed that the water of the city is being contaminated due to anthropogenic activities.The mixing of wastewater into drinking water sources was also reported by the respective authoritiesand community. The residents also suggested to repair filtration plants as well as cover the waterstorage structures on an urgent basis. The study will be helpful to concerned departments of the studyarea to plan their resources and provide their services to the residents efficiently.

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“…where i s is the sub-index value for parameter i , i w is the corresponding parameter weight value and n is the total number of parameters. The values of WQI can be classified into five categories, as shown in Table 1 [22].…”

Section: Water Quality Index Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trend Analysis on Water Quality Index Using the Least Squares Regression Models

Zawawi¹,

Haniffah²,

Aris³

2022

eer

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River water pollution requires continuous water quality monitoring that promotes the improvement of water resources. Therefore, the trend analysis on water quality data using mathematical model is an important task to determine whether the measured data increase or decrease during the time period. This paper is intended to highlight the applicability of the least squares regression models to fit the WQI data of the Skudai River, Tebrau River and Segget River located in Johor, Malaysia. As per the 12 years of trend analysis, the data of WQI are collected from the Environmental Quality Reports 2009-2020. The least squares method is utilized to estimate the unknown constants of the linear, quadratic, cubic, polynomial of degree four and degree five regression models. The advantage of using proposed models is that it can be implemented easily even on relatively low computational power systems. The results show that the higher degree polynomial model fits the data reasonably well, in which the polynomials of degree 4 and 5 have lowest average error. Assessment of actual and predictable values of WQI shows that the trends in WQI for all study areas are downward year after year.

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Application of Water Quality Index for the Assessment of Water from Different Sources in Nigeria

Cited by 21 publications

References 29 publications

Effect of Faults and Fractures on Springwater Quality and Discharge of West Phaileng, Mizoram

Effect of Faults and Fractures on Springwater Quality and Discharge of West Phaileng, Mizoram

Water Quality Assessment Using Water Quality Index: A Case Study of High Altitude Area, Gilgit City, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan

Trend Analysis on Water Quality Index Using the Least Squares Regression Models

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