Application of window comparator to majority operation

Multi-level swell voltage control for minimizing the damage to an on-grid system

“…Adaptation for the voltage swell detection still has a limit. The design of the window comparator requires 4 transistors for each set [14][15], which will work separately with Q1 and Q2 working as the oscillator, while Q3 and Q4 work as the amplifier. The setting of output signal Vo can set the window at 2 levels, including High Voltage (VH) and Resistor R1 and R2.…”

“…Comparison with Hysteresis (CH) detects the hysteresis signal, working similarly to the window comparator. Hysteresis [14][15] occurs from some amount of output high voltage reversing the input signal. It examines the width of the pulse signal, which enters the system excessively.…”

“…The highest voltage flows to the voltage divider circuit, in which 2 loads resist the serial circuits. To find the clamping voltage (Vd) of R2, as seen in Figure 8, see equation (15).…”

“…Problems arise from the voltage ripples RMS by SVSS (Swell Voltage Surge Suppression), which is used as a reducer of excess voltage with Surge Protection AC. Figure 1 shows the use of a window comparator circuit and a comparator circuit with hysteresis [14][15][16][17] to detect the surge overvoltage, which will process the data in analogue form in order to decrease the delay of MCU's working process for the failsafe mode as well as to prevent harmonic impact. This could be further developed for commercial use.…”