Application of X-ray computed microtomography to soil craters formed by raindrop splash

Beczek, Michał; Ryżak, Magdalena; Sochan, Agata; Mazur, Rafał; Bieganowski, Andrzej

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.12.019

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…These studies can be divided into two main groups: (i) rupturing of a drop into many droplets as a result of its impact on a solid surface (Josserand & Thoroddsen, ; Lan et al, ; Liu et al, ; Mandre et al, ) and (ii) simultaneous rupturing of a drop and ejecting of granules as a result of the drop's impact on a granular bed (Marston et al, ; Van der Meer, ). Two types of material are used to investigate the splash of water and of the solid granules: (a)artificial materials, usually glass beads (Ahn et al, ; Delon et al, ; Marston et al, ; Nefzaoui & Skurtys, ), and (b)real materials, for instance, inorganic powder (Emady et al, ), SiC (Katsuragi, ), sand ( Furbish et al, ; Long et al, ; Zhao et al, ) or soil (Beczek et al, , ; Fernández‐Raga et al, ). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is becoming increasingly common to use high‐speed cameras in investigations of the splash phenomenon, and a number of papers describe this method (Castrejón‐Pita et al, ; Delon et al, ; Katsuragi, ; Marston et al, ; Nefzaoui & Skurtys, ; Ryzak et al, ; Sochan et al, ; Zhang et al, ; Zhao et al, ). Less popular methods of investigating various aspects of the splash include (i) microtomography measurements of dimensions of the crater formed after drop impact (Beczek et al, ), (ii) the use of sensors for measuring the force exerted by the impacting drop (Korbiel et al, ), and (iii) systems of microphones for measuring the sound made by the water drop as it hits the soil surface (Ryzak et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Splash of Solid Particles as a Stochastic Point Process

et al. 2019

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A splash experiment was carried out on a model soil–glass beads with a diameter of 425–600 μm using high‐speed cameras and sticky paper. Two different types of particles were involved in the process: droplets of water and glass beads. We argue that the result of splash of solid particles is best modeled as a stochastic point process, that is, a random number of randomly distributed points (beads) on a plane, and provide basic physical and statistical evidence that, in medium distance range (i.e., for our experiment, in the ranges of 29–64 mm), the splash may be modeled as the Poisson point process. We also argue that, in the range between 15 and 29 mm, a distribution different than Poisson is closer to reality. These two radically different types of distributions of numbers of beads in two regions reflect the fact that the solid phase of the splash involves two types of beads: those ejected in the early stage, traveling larger distances, and those ejected later, traveling shorter distances. Information on the distributions of and relations between the numbers of splashed particles in different regions may be instrumental in understanding mechanics and scale of the spread of pollutants/pathogens and plant diseases as a result of splash. Meanwhile, we describe the distributions of the total number of beads, the maximum range, and the average distance beads particles travel in a single experiment and discuss effectiveness of detection of beads by the cameras.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Splash of Solid Particles as a Stochastic Point Process

et al. 2019

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“…Profile analyses were used to determine the depths and diameters of the craters in the works of Ghadiri [ 30 ], Long et al [ 42 ], Beczek et al [ 41 ], and Mazur et al [ 58 ]; they also found application in determining the heights of the rims [ 41 ] and the slope of the crater walls [ 35 ]. In the aforementioned works by Zhao et al [ 33 ] and De Jong et al [ 35 ], through the additional use of high-speed cameras, the dynamics of the craters’ shape changes after the drop impact were determined, allowing insight into the process of their formation.…”

Section: Crater Measurement Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of microcraters, it was the main research subject or appeared as a complement to the main theme. Some works used soil [ 40 , 41 ], others used materials that could serve as a soil model, i.e., sand [ 42 ] or glass beads [ 39 , 43 ]. Differences between experiments also relate to the size of the drops or the height of their fall, resulting in energy changes at the moment of impact [ 30 , 44 ].…”

Section: Review Of Work Focusing On Soil Deformation By the Splash Ph...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Deformation after Water Drop Impact—A Review of the Measurement Methods

Mazur

Ryżak

Sochan

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Water erosion is an unfavorable phenomenon causing soil degradation. One of the factors causing water erosion is heavy or prolonged rainfall, the first effect of which is the deformation of the soil surface and the formation of microcraters. This paper presents an overview of research methods allowing the study of microcraters as well as the process of their formation. A tabular summary of work on the measurements of various quantities describing the craters is presented. The said quantities are divided into three groups: (i) static quantities, (ii) dynamic quantities, and (iii) dimensionless parameters. The most important measurement methods used to study crater properties, such as (i) basic manual measurement methods, (ii) photography, (iii) high-speed imaging, (iv) profilometers, (v) 3D surface modelling, and (vi) computed tomography (CT) and its possibilities and limitations are discussed. The main challenges and prospects of research on soil surface deformation are also presented.

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“…The formation of the craters is an important issue in the investigations of the surfaces of the earth and other planets [ 1 – 3 ], in land engineering [ 4 , 5 ] and in bulk materials engineering [ 6 – 8 ]. One of the mechanisms of crater formation is the impact of solid impactor [ 9 , 10 ] or liquid drop [ 11 , 12 ] on the granular bed. Different granular beds were investigated, for instance, model i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigations of crater formation as a result of high-velocity impacts on sand bed

et al. 2022

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The formation of craters is an important issue in the investigations of the surface of the earth and other planets. The aim of the study was to check whether the different textures of sand beds affect the size and dynamics of the formation of craters and ejection curtain after high-velocity impacts. The experiments were conducted using an aluminium impactor at two impact speeds (~700 and ~1300 m∙s-1) and a sand bed composed of either a broad range of sizes (<2.0 mm) or any of the three fractions obtained from it (<0.5, 0.5–1, 1–2 mm). The diameters, depths, wall slope, and rim heights of the resulting craters were measured. The ejecta curtain was characterized by the inclination angle of walls, base diameter, and expansion velocity. The mass of the transferred material and the depth of the impactor penetration were also determined. Additionally, the results were used to calculate dimensionless parameters commonly considered in crater studies (πV, π2 and α). The texture of the sand most clearly influenced the diameters of the craters, its effect could also be seen in the case of the distance covered by the ejected material. This information appears to be relevant for future research, providing some rationale to help assess in which aspects of the phenomenon the texture may be important.

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Application of X-ray computed microtomography to soil craters formed by raindrop splash

Cited by 15 publications

References 33 publications

Splash of Solid Particles as a Stochastic Point Process

Splash of Solid Particles as a Stochastic Point Process

Soil Deformation after Water Drop Impact—A Review of the Measurement Methods

Experimental investigations of crater formation as a result of high-velocity impacts on sand bed

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