Application of zerovalent iron (Fe0) to enhance degradation of HCHs and DDX in soil from a former organochlorine pesticides manufacturing plant

The Use of Zero‐Valent Iron (ZVI) Technology to Promote DDT and Dieldrin Degradation at Point Pelee National Park

“…In this experiment, the DDD was not further transformed during the aerobic cycle, and accumulated in the soil (Exhibit 4). These findings are in agreement with two other studies Yang et al, 2010) that found that reduction of DDT in soils treated with ZVI technologies (like DARAMEND R⃝ ) causes a subsequent increase of DDD in the same soils. It is possible that a longer treatment would lead to a reduction of the DDD in the soil; however, this trial was run as prescribed by the PeroxyChem DARAMEND R⃝ application protocol.…”

“…However, when subjected to aerobic biotic degradation, the decomposition of DDT results in the formation of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), which is presently the major contaminant at Point Pelee National Park (PPNP). Recently, research and field projects have shown that the application of zero‐valent iron (ZVI) to soil and groundwater facilitates chemical and biological degradation of persistent organochlorine pesticides (El‐Temsah & Joner ; Seech et al., ; Yang et al., ).…”

“…Although ZVI technologies have been widely used, especially in the United States (Zhang, ), two recent studies (El‐Temsah et al., 2013; Yang et al., ) showed that while ZVI has a positive effect on the degradation of DDT, there was also an increase in DDD and DDE (i.e., DDT's main degradation products) concentrations in the treated soils. Both DDD and DDE have similar toxicities to DDT, and have been associated with health issues in humans and wildlife (Sudharshan et al., 2012; Yang et al., ). Furthermore, the formation of DDE from DDT breakdown is often considered a dead‐end in the remediation process (Sudharshan et al., ).…”

Removing pentachlorophenol from water using a nanoscale zero-valent iron/H2O2 system

“…Extensive research on the degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons using ZVI has been published (Gillham and O'Hannesin, 1994;Yang et al, 2010). In particular, the use of permeable reactive barriers filled with ZVI has been reported widely (Puls et al, 1999;Richardson and Nicklow, 2002;Suponik, 2013).…”

Effect of mixing on reductive dechlorination of persistent organic pollutants by Fe/Pd nanoparticles

“…Various methods for reductive dechlorination of p, p’‐dichlorodiphenyl‐trichloroethane (p, p’‐DDT), aldrin, and gamma‐hexachlorocyclohexane (γ‐HCH) have been developed and evaluated (El‐Temsah, Sevcu, Bobcikova, Cernik, & Joner, ; Erick et al., ; Hara, Ito, Suto, Inoue, & Chida, ; Joo & Zhao, ; Thangavadivel, Megharaj, Smart, Lesniewski, & Naidu, ; Tian, Li, Mu, Li, & Hao, ), but most of them suffer some limitations such as long treatment time and high cost, and a majority of the degradation pathways remain unclear. Among which, reductive degradation of POPs by bimetallic nanoparticles has emerged as one of the most promising techniques that made its way from the laboratory bench‐scale testing to the field application (Rani, Shanker, & Jassal, ; Yang et al., ; Zhang et al., ). The bimetallic nanoparticle‐assisted degradation of POPs has been found supplementary and complementary to the conventional methods such as high‐temperature incineration, which results in incomplete degradation of POPs with highly toxic by‐products that are more harmful than the parent pollutants.…”