Application of zirconia modified with KOH as heterogeneous solid base catalyst to new non-edible oil for biodiesel

Takase, Mohammed; Zhang, Min; Feng, Weiwei; Chen, Yao; Zhao, Ting; Cobbina, Samuel Jerry; Yang, Liuqing; Wu, Xiangyang

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2014.01.034

Cited by 137 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The WFO is a virgin oil and was not subjected to any thermal treatment in comparison to WCO which was subjected to the frying process which affects the chemical composition of the oil significantly. However, the amount of the solid catalyst more than the optimum amount caused higher mass transfer resistance due to the highly viscous mixture, resulting in lower methyl ester yield (Agarwal, Chauhan, Chaurasia, & Singh, 2012;Takase et al, 2014). Findings obtained in the present study corroborate with those reported by other researchers (Agarwal et al, 2012;Fadhil et al, 2016b;Takase et al, 2014).…”

Section: Optimization Of Transesterification Parameterssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The specific surface areas of the activated carbon and the catalyst were determined by the retention method (Fadhil & Saeed, 2016). The basic properties of the catalysts were evaluated by amine titration using Hammett indicators (Tabak et al, 2007;Takase et al, 2014).…”

Section: Characterization Of the Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can be blended with diesel fuel or used in a pure form. The use of BD as a fuel reduces pollutant levels and probable carcinogens produced upon combustion of fossil based fuels (Encinar, Gonz alez, Pardal, & Mart ınez, 2010;Li et al, 2013;Takase et al, 2014). However, the high price of BD could be ascribed to the highly expensive raw materials used in its production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can typically be produced from triglycerides (vegetable oils or animal fats) through base-catalyzed transesterification reaction with methanol or ethanol (Takase et al, 2014). BD is an effective alternative to petro diesel fuel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of methyl esters production from non-edible oils using activated carbon supported potassium hydroxide as a solid base catalyst

Fadhil

Aziz

Altamer

2018

Arab Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

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The present investigation reports transesterification of non-edible oils, waste cooking oil (WCO) and waste fish oil (WFO) with methanol using activated carbon supported potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a solid base catalyst. Activated carbon was prepared from polyethylene terephthalate waste and loaded with KOH by wet impregnation method to prepare KOH/AC solid base catalyst. X-ray diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were utilized to characterize the resulting solid base catalyst. Retention method was utilized to measure the specific surface area of the activated carbon and its derived solid base catalyst, while Hammett indicator method was followed to determine the basic strength of the prepared solid base catalyst. The prepared catalyst has granular and porous structures with a high basicity and a superior catalytic performance for the transesterification reaction. Transesterification reaction variables were arranged to obtain the best biodiesel yield. The highest methyl ester yield from WCO (88.12% w/w with an ester content of 96.68% w/w) was obtained by employing 3.5 wt.% KOH/AC catalyst, 9:1 methanol to oil molar ratio, 65 C reaction temperature, the reaction time of 180 min and the stirring rate of 600 rpm, while maximum methyl ester yield from WFO (92.66% w/w with 96.98% w/w ester content) was produced with 3.0 wt.% KOH/AC catalyst, 9:1 methanol to oil molar ratio at 65 C for 150 minutes of the reaction and 600 rpm. The prepared solid base catalyst was recoverable and thermally stable giving a yield of 70 wt.% after the 5th cycle. The fuel properties of the raw oils were significantly enhanced after transesterification with methanol in the presence of KOH/AC, and were in conformity with the ASTM D 6751 limits as well. Therefore, the prepared KOH/AC composite may be considered as a promising solid base catalyst for transesterification of non-edible oils with methanol. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Optimization Of Transesterification Parameterssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Characterization Of the Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of methyl esters production from non-edible oils using activated carbon supported potassium hydroxide as a solid base catalyst

Fadhil

Aziz

Altamer

2018

Arab Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

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“…This formed-group has a lower catalytic activity than alkaline K 2 O thus it affects the yield of biodiesel. K 2 O-formed due to dihydroxylation of OH groups contributes to the catalytic properties of these materials, besides the formation of K 2 O; as a result of the merger of ions K+ into a vacant site of zirconia with a hydroxyl group, formed K-O-Zr on the surface after the calcined process 11 . Several studies have reported the presence of K 2 O groups play an important role in improving the performance of the catalyst for the production of biodiesel 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kalium Hydroxide/Zirconia Pillared Bentonite for Palm Oil Transesterification

Utubira¹,

Wijaya²,

Triyono³

et al. 2018

Orient. J. Chem

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The aim of this study is to produce biodiesel from palm oil using heterogeneous catalyst i.e. KOH/ZrO 2 -Bentonite. The catalyst was prepared through KOH impregnation on ZrO 2 -Bentonite with a ratio between KOH:ZrO 2 -Bentonite was 20-30 wt%. Afterwards, it was followed by the heating process using microwave radiation 700 W for 10 minutes Based on the result of the characterization using XRD, Gas Sorption Analyzer, FTIR and SEM-EDX, the best performance for the ratio of KOH:ZrO 2 -Bentonite of the process was on 25 wt%. The catalytic activity test on palm oil transesterification resulted methyl ester as much as 81% on the reaction condition of 65 o C for three hours. In addition, the amount of catalyst-used was as much as 3% of the oil weight. The result of ASTM test showed that the methyl ester product from palm oil fulfills the National Test Standard for Diesel Oil referring to SNI 04-7182-2006.

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Advancements of Cavitation Technology in Biodiesel Production – from Fundamental Concept to Commercial Scale‐Up

et al. 2021

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Application of zirconia modified with KOH as heterogeneous solid base catalyst to new non-edible oil for biodiesel

Cited by 137 publications

References 52 publications

Optimization of methyl esters production from non-edible oils using activated carbon supported potassium hydroxide as a solid base catalyst

Optimization of methyl esters production from non-edible oils using activated carbon supported potassium hydroxide as a solid base catalyst

Kalium Hydroxide/Zirconia Pillared Bentonite for Palm Oil Transesterification

Advancements of Cavitation Technology in Biodiesel Production – from Fundamental Concept to Commercial Scale‐Up

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