Based on cloud computing technology, this paper constructs a benefit-optimal enterprise resource scheduling model and an enterprise cost management prediction model to maximize the economic benefits of enterprise resources and optimize the management costs, respectively. Combining the improved greedy algorithm and the benefit function, a cloud resource scheduling algorithm based on benefit optimization is proposed, defining the benefit function about time and cost, and taking the highest user satisfaction as the optimal resource scheduling objective. A mathematical model for management cost prediction is constructed by using the fireworks algorithm to optimize the number of trees and the number of leaf nodes in the random forest, and the Informatica software is used to manage and integrate the enterprise source data. The performance of the company’s operating conditions after optimizing resource management and cost savings is explored as a case study of Company S. In 2023, the total asset turnover ratio of Company S increased to 21.45 from 0.48 in 2022, and the overall asset operating efficiency improved. Working capital rose to 262,852,200 yuan. The current ratio, quick ratio, and cash ratio improved, while the gearing ratio, equity ratio, and equity multiplier showed a downward trend. The net operating margin achieved the maximum profitability in the last three years, net total assets margin, and net equity margin, with an increase of 25.42%, 20.65%, and 31.49%, respectively.