Application status and research progress of CO2 fracturing fluid in petroleum engineering: A brief review

Zhao, Jinzhou; Wu, Tong; Pu, Wanfen; Daijun, Du; Chen, Qingyuan; Chen, Bowen; Li, Jintao; Huang, Yitao

doi:10.1016/j.petlm.2023.12.001

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The surfactants utilized in the experiments were commercially available and widely employed in the industry. The materials consisted of Sodium alpha-olefin sulfonate (AOS) [15], Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) [16], Sodium alcohol ether sulfate (AES) [17], Sodium laureth sulfate (SLES) [15], N-laurylamidopropyl-N,N-dimethylbetaine (CHSB), and APG0814. All of these surfactants were procured from China National Pharmaceutical Group Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experiment and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Synergistic Foaming between a Surfactant and CO2 and the Structure–Activity Effect

Zhou,

Chen,

2024

Energies

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CO2 foam fracturing in tight and shale reservoirs is a revolutionary technique for commercially viable production. Nevertheless, the screening of foaming agents used in CO2 foam fracturing fluid and the understanding of foaming mechanisms have not been sufficiently investigated. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive method for evaluating and selecting an optimized foaming agent for CO2 foam fracturing fluid integrating macroscopic and microscopic approaches through laboratory experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. The relationship between the molecular structure of the foaming agent and its corresponding foaming effect was elucidated by taking the interaction between CO2 and the foaming agent into account. Foam evaluation experiments indicated that the anionic surfactants exhibited superior foaming capacity and inferior stability compared to zwitterionic and non-ionic surfactants. The molecular dynamics simulation results demonstrated that the foaming mechanism of the CO2 foaming agent relied on the equilibriums between CO2-surfactant, CO2-water, and surfactant–water interactions. At the same time, it was found that if the molecular structure of the surfactant contained functional groups that could produce hydrogen bonding with CO2, the stability of the foaming effect improved to a certain extent, but the foaming volume was not obvious. The classic hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) theory was not applicable when screening the CO2 foaming agents. It was found that the ionic surfactants with CO2-philic groups and linear structures were suitable as the main foaming agents for CO2 foam fracturing fluids, while non-ionic surfactants with significant steric hindrance were suitable as auxiliary foaming agents. This study provides valuable guidance for selecting cost-effective foaming agents on-site and adds to the understanding of the relationship between the molecular structure of foaming agents and their foaming effects.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experiment and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Synergistic Foaming between a Surfactant and CO2 and the Structure–Activity Effect

Zhou,

Chen,

2024

Energies

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“…Until now, all the polymers employed as fracturing fluids or additives in fracturing fluids have primarily been linear biopolymers or synthetic linear polymers. Recently, researchers have started to investigate highly branched polymers (hyperbranched polymers) as fracturing fluid additives [10]. Hyperbranched polymers in fracturing fluids have higher viscosity at lower concentrations than linear polymers, allowing for better proppant suspension and transport.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and Physical Architecture of Macromolecular Gels for Fracturing Fluid Applications in the Oil and Gas Industry; Current Status, Challenges, and Prospects

Khan

2024

Gels

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Hydraulic fracturing is vital in recovering hydrocarbons from oil and gas reservoirs. It involves injecting a fluid under high pressure into reservoir rock. A significant part of fracturing fluids is the addition of polymers that become gels or gel-like under reservoir conditions. Polymers are employed as viscosifiers and friction reducers to provide proppants in fracturing fluids as a transport medium. There are numerous systems for fracturing fluids based on macromolecules. The employment of natural and man-made linear polymers, and also, to a lesser extent, synthetic hyperbranched polymers, as additives in fracturing fluids in the past one to two decades has shown great promise in enhancing the stability of fracturing fluids under various challenging reservoir conditions. Modern innovations demonstrate the importance of developing chemical structures and properties to improve performance. Key challenges include maintaining viscosity under reservoir conditions and achieving suitable shear-thinning behavior. The physical architecture of macromolecules and novel crosslinking processes are essential in addressing these issues. The effect of macromolecule interactions on reservoir conditions is very critical in regard to efficient fluid qualities and successful fracturing operations. In future, there is the potential for ongoing studies to produce specialized macromolecular solutions for increased efficiency and sustainability in oil and gas applications.

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Nano-structure of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide strengthened ultra stable nitrogen foam: Lab experiments and molecular dynamics simulation

Pu,

Wu,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Journal of Molecular Liquids

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Application status and research progress of CO2 fracturing fluid in petroleum engineering: A brief review

Cited by 6 publications

References 43 publications

An Experiment and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Synergistic Foaming between a Surfactant and CO2 and the Structure–Activity Effect

An Experiment and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Synergistic Foaming between a Surfactant and CO2 and the Structure–Activity Effect

Chemical and Physical Architecture of Macromolecular Gels for Fracturing Fluid Applications in the Oil and Gas Industry; Current Status, Challenges, and Prospects

Nano-structure of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide strengthened ultra stable nitrogen foam: Lab experiments and molecular dynamics simulation

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