Application Status of Sacrificial Biomaterials in 3D Bioprinting

Abstract

Additive manufacturing, also known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, relates to several rapid prototyping (RP) technologies, and has shown great potential in the manufacture of organoids and even complex bioartificial organs. A major challenge for 3D bioprinting complex org unit ans is the competitive requirements with respect to structural biomimeticability, material integrability, and functional manufacturability. Over the past several years, 3D bioprinting based on sacrificial templates has shown its unique advantages in building hierarchical vascular networks in complex organs. Sacrificial biomaterials as supporting structures have been used widely in the construction of tubular tissues. The advent of suspension printing has enabled the precise printing of some soft biomaterials (e.g., collagen and fibrinogen), which were previously considered unprintable singly with cells. In addition, the introduction of sacrificial biomaterials can improve the porosity of biomaterials, making the printed structures more favorable for cell proliferation, migration and connection. In this review, we mainly consider the latest developments and applications of 3D bioprinting based on the strategy of sacrificial biomaterials, discuss the basic principles of sacrificial templates, and look forward to the broad prospects of this approach for complex organ engineering or manufacturing.

Patient-derived spheroids and patient-derived organoids simulate evolutions of lung cancer

“…PDCCs have advantages in personalizing the therapeutical strategy. PDSs and PDOs construct platforms to mimic the in vivo tumorigenesis processes and reproduce the interaction of cancer cells to the microenvironment and forecast the cancer development [ 18 , 33 , 51 , 52 , 57 ]. PDSs and PDOs bridge the in vivo and in vitro study and clue the clinical and the biological phenomenon [ 6 , 19 , 24 , 47 , 55 ].…”

Bioprinting Technologies and Bioinks for Vascular Model Establishment

“…Emphasis should be given to the collagen-derived gelatin, which dissolves in water and becomes gelatinous at a temperature below 30 • C, and forms an aqueous solution at a temperature of 37 • C or higher, in temperature-controlled bioprinting. It can be extruded through the nozzles in a gel state and then removed at a temperature of 37 • C suitable for cell growth without any damage to the cells [151]. After 3D printing, it can be easily discarded with dissolving water.…”

Recent Developments in 3D Bio-Printing and Its Biomedical Applications

“… Diagrammatic representation of applications of biomaterials centered on physio-chemical cross-linking principles. Reprinted with permission from [ 137 ]. Copyright 2022 MDPI.…”