Applications and development of permeability imaging in ischemic stroke (Review)

Chen, Hui; Zhu, Guangming; Liu, Nan; Liu, Ying; Yujun, Xia

doi:10.3892/etm.2018.6454

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

References 59 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The resolution of imaging is inferior to that acquired by dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (DCE-MRI) scan [ 22 ]. Besides, the extent of BBB damage evaluated by DCE-CT scan may fluctuate depending on the cerebral blood flow, and therefore BBB disruption cannot be detected in severe ischemic region because of the insufficient blood supply [ 20 ].…”

Section: Assessment Of Bbb Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The time-consuming nature may be a critical factor that leads to worse clinical outcomes in patients with acute ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke before intervention. Other limitations include potential artifacts as a major concern, and that this method is still difficult to detect slight BBB injury [ 20 , 225 - 227 ]. In contrast, recent studies showed that arterial spin labeling (ASL) techniques of MRI could be used for evaluation of BBB integrity based on the different diffusion or transverse relaxations by separating the intravascular and extravascular signaling [ 228 ].…”

Section: Assessment Of Bbb Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BBB disruption is a key factor to predict the risk of hemorrhagic transformation following thrombolytic therapy and thrombectomy. Therefore, the diagnostic technique to predict comprised BBB prior to these treatments would be useful to reduce the risk of hemorrhagic transformation in patients with acute ischemic stroke, and may change the time window for these therapies from the current fixed time to tailored time depending on a patient’s status [ 12 - 15 , 20 ]. Furthermore, enhanced BBB permeability also allows macrophages and neutrophils in plasma to migrate into the brain parenchyma, and exacerbates neuroinflammation and brain injuries [ 21 - 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Stroke-Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption: Current Progress of Inspection Technique, Mechanism, and Therapeutic Target

Okada

Suzuki

Travis

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

: Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a characteristic structure of microvessel within the brain. Under normal physiological conditions, the BBB plays a role in the prevention of harmful substances entering into the brain parenchyma within the central nervous system. However, stroke stimuli induce the breakdown of BBB leading to the influx of cytotoxic substances, vasogenic brain edema, and hemorrhagic transformation. Therefore, BBB disruption is a major complication, which needs to be addressed in order to improve clinical outcomes in stroke. In this review, we first discuss the structure and function of the BBB. Next, we discuss the progress of the techniques utilized to study BBB breakdown in in-vitro and in-vivo studies, along with biomarkers and imaging techniques in clinical settings. Lastly, we highlight the mechanisms of stroke-induced neuroinflammation and apoptotic process of endothelial cells causing BBB breakdown, and the potential therapeutic targets to protect BBB integrity after stroke. Secondary products arising from stroke-induced tissue damage provide transformation of myeloid cells such as microglia and macrophages to pro-inflammatory phenotype followed by further BBB disruption via neuroinflammation and apoptosis of endothelial cells. In contrast, these myeloid cells are also polarized to anti-inflammatory phenotype in a delayed phase, repairing compromised BBB. Therefore, therapeutic strategies to induce anti-inflammatory phenotypes of the myeloid cells may protect BBB in order to improve clinical outcomes of stroke patients.

show abstract

Section: Assessment Of Bbb Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%