“…Typically, GVL can be obtained through hydrogenation and subsequent cyclization of levulinic acid (LA) . Many types of monometals, such as Ir, Au, Pt, Re, Pd, Rh, Ru, Ni, Mo, Co, Fe, and Cu, supported on various supports including activated carbon (AC), carbon nanotube (CNT), ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC), SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , and zeolites, have been studied as catalysts for this purpose. − Except for monometallic catalysts, more and more heterogeneous bimetallic catalysts have also been developed for the hydrodeoxygenation of LA into GVL in the past few decades. − Although the catalytic mechanism of bimetallic catalysts is far from clear, it is widely believed that the addition of the second metal will form heteroatom bonds that change the electronic environment of the metal surface. Thus, the microgeometry of the metal lattice is altered, which would bring synergistic effects during the catalytic reactions.…”