Applications of Chitin and Its Derivatives in Biological Medicine

Park, Bae Keun; Kim, Moon‐Moo

doi:10.3390/ijms11125152

Cited by 334 publications

(175 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Like other crustaceans such as crayfish, crabs and lobsters, prawns are rich in chitin a structural polysaccharide that has proven useful for several medical and industrial purposes (Park & Kim, 2010;P. Morganti, G. Morganti, & A. Morganti, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in the Proximate, Energy and Mineral Compositions of Different Body Parts of Macrobrachium macrobranchion (Prawn)

Ekpenyong¹,

Williams²,

Osakpa³

2013

JFR

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The proximate and elemental compositions of various body parts of Macrobrachium macrobranchion (prawn) obtained from the Great Kwa River, a major tributary of Cross River estuary in Cross River State, Nigeria were investigated using standard methods of AOAC. Results showed that the flesh had significantly higher (p < 0.05) levels of protein, fat and moisture (22.32, 7.70 and 58.40%, respectively) than the other body parts analyzed. Equally high in protein were the head (20.11%) and appendages (19.28%), while the exoskeleton recorded the least protein content (14.02%). The flesh had the least (p < 0.05) crude fibre (0.03%) and carbohydrate (7.22%) contents, and conversely had the least energy value (187.50 kcal/g) among the body parts. Ash content was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the exoskeleton (7.14%), the appendages (7.01%) and the head (6.05%) than in the flesh (4.30%). Individual elements were also unequally distributed among the four body parts investigated: sodium and potassium were more concentrated in the flesh (189.27 mg/100 g and 114.70 mg/100 g, respectively), while calcium and magnesium were highest in the appendages (99.02 mg/100 g and 171.40 mg/100 g, respectively). The concentration of iron was generally low among the body parts; however, it was highest (p < 0.05) in the head. The usual practice of retaining the flesh and discarding the "hard" parts (head, exoskeleton and appendages) of prawn during food preparation should be discouraged as this may promote wastage of important nutrients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in the Proximate, Energy and Mineral Compositions of Different Body Parts of Macrobrachium macrobranchion (Prawn)

Ekpenyong¹,

Williams²,

Osakpa³

2013

JFR

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“…hitin is a linear homopolysaccharide of ␤-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) that is widely distributed in fungal cell walls and invertebrate cuticles and represents a biomass that is second in abundance to cellulose (1)(2)(3)(4). Although chitin is insoluble and relatively resistant to degradation due to its crystalline structure, some soil and marine bacteria, such as Bacillus circulans WL-12 (5), Serratia marcescens (6), Streptomyces coelicolor A3 (7), Aeromonas caviae (8), Pseudoalteromonas sp.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cooperative Degradation of Chitin by Extracellular and Cell Surface-Expressed Chitinases from Paenibacillus sp. Strain FPU-7

Itoh

Hibi

Fujii

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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dChitin, a major component of fungal cell walls and invertebrate cuticles, is an exceedingly abundant polysaccharide, ranking next to cellulose. Industrial demand for chitin and its degradation products as raw materials for fine chemical products is increasing. A bacterium with high chitin-decomposing activity, Paenibacillus sp. strain FPU-7, was isolated from soil by using a screening medium containing ␣-chitin powder. Although FPU-7 secreted several extracellular chitinases and thoroughly digested the powder, the extracellular fluid alone broke them down incompletely. Based on expression cloning and phylogenetic analysis, at least seven family 18 chitinase genes were found in the FPU-7 genome. Interestingly, the product of only one gene (chiW) was identified as possessing three S-layer homology (SLH) domains and two glycosyl hydrolase family 18 catalytic domains. Since SLH domains are known to function as anchors to the Gram-positive bacterial cell surface, ChiW was suggested to be a novel multimodular surface-expressed enzyme and to play an important role in the complete degradation of chitin. Indeed, the ChiW protein was localized on the cell surface. Each of the seven chitinase genes (chiA to chiF and chiW) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli cells for biochemical characterization of their products. In particular, ChiE and ChiW showed high activity for insoluble chitin. The high chitinolytic activity of strain FPU-7 and the chitinases may be useful for environmentally friendly processing of chitin in the manufacture of food and/or medicine.

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“…The amount of these wastes steadily increases from year to year in line with the increasing production of this crab (BPS 2015) but has not been optimally used, even some of it pollute the environment (Rochima 2014). Chitin and its derivatives-as a potential resource as well as multiple functional substrates-have generated attractive interest in various fields such as biomedical, pharmaceutical, food and environmental industries, since the first isolation of chitin in 1811 (Park & Kim 2010). However their use in order to reduce cholesterol in poultry products is very limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weight Gain and Plasma Cholesterol Concentration in Mojosari Ducks Fed Different Levels of Chitin Extracted from Crab Wastes

Wandira

Ichsan

Wiryawan

2016

Proceedings of International Seminar on Livestock Production and Veterinary Technology

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High fat and cholesterol contents of eggs and meat of ducks may limit the consumption of people who are especially aware on health. Attempts to lower cholesterol levels in ducks can be done by incorporating chitin extracted from crab (Portunus pelagicus) wastes in the ration. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of chitin in diet for growing Mojosari ducks on growth and plasma cholesterol concentration. Forty unsexed two-month-old ducks were randomly assigned into four dietary treatments with ten ducks each. All ducks were reared in individual cage for five weeks. Each duck received one of four diets, i.e., the control diet (T0) consisted of ground yellow corn, concentrate, rice bran, crude palm oil and mineral and vitamin premixes, the control diet containing 1% chitin (T1); 2% chitin (T2); 3% chitin (T3). The results showed that ducks fed on diet containing 2% and 3% chitin consumed much higher (P<0.01) feed than those consumed diet without or containing only 1% chitin but there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in weight gain and feed conversion ratio among treatment means. Levels of dietary chitin did not significantly affect (P>0.05) concentration of total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL), but tended to reduce (P = 0.24) low density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides (TG) concentration in growing Mojosari ducks. It is concluded that levels of dietary chitin did not significantly affect total cholesterol (TC) and high density lipoprotein (HDL), but tended to reduce low density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides (TG) concentration in growing ducks.

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Applications of Chitin and Its Derivatives in Biological Medicine

Cited by 334 publications

References 92 publications

Variation in the Proximate, Energy and Mineral Compositions of Different Body Parts of Macrobrachium macrobranchion (Prawn)

Variation in the Proximate, Energy and Mineral Compositions of Different Body Parts of Macrobrachium macrobranchion (Prawn)

Cooperative Degradation of Chitin by Extracellular and Cell Surface-Expressed Chitinases from Paenibacillus sp. Strain FPU-7

Weight Gain and Plasma Cholesterol Concentration in Mojosari Ducks Fed Different Levels of Chitin Extracted from Crab Wastes

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