Applications of Computed Tomography in Radiotherapy Treatment Planning

Goitein, Michael

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-7691-4_4

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…CT scanning was ideally suited for radiation therapy planning, since it provided, for the first time, an easy ability to localize the tumor and surrounding normal tissues on a patient-specific basis. Furthermore, it provided an ability of placement of the radiation beams on the CT images and the calculation of dose distributions, which actually accounted for the real tissue densities within the patient [9,10,49,124]. Today, treatment planning has evolved such that full 3-D planning capabilities are possible including patient data from a variety of different imaging sources.…”

Section: Historical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

The Modern Technology of Radiation Oncology: A Compendium for Medical Physicists and Radiation Oncologists

2000

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A sincere thank you: To Tomas Kron for seeding the concept of this book. To Jerry Battista for providing unending support, for being an excellent "sounding board," and for reviewing a number of my chapters. To the authors and co-authors of the chapters of this book. Their contributions have given this book the quality that it is. To Ervin Podgorsak and Glenn Glasgow who graciously took on the additional challenge of providing more than one chapter. To Christina Woodward for sleuthing and resolving incomplete references. To members of the Medical Physics group at the London Regional Cancer Centre who have been consistent in their help and support. To Betsey Phelps and the staff at Medical Physics Publishing for making this book a reality. To Barb Barons for clerical support.

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Section: Historical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

The Modern Technology of Radiation Oncology: A Compendium for Medical Physicists and Radiation Oncologists

2000

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“…PMMA was used as the soft tissue equivalent [24,25] (Figure 1). PoP has been reported [25] as a possible cortical bone substitute and has been used in literature for imaging of paediatric distal extremities [26] and the construction of body contours [27]. The problem with this substitute is that its density does not exactly match that of paediatric cortical bone [28].…”

Section: 11-materials Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction and validation of a low cost paediatric pelvis phantom

Ali

Hogg

Johansen

et al. 2018

European Journal of Radiology

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PURPOSE: Imaging phantoms can be cost prohibitive, therefore a need exists to produce low cost alternatives which are fit for purpose. This paper describes the development and validation of a low cost paediatric pelvis phantom based on the anatomy of a 5-year-old child. METHODS: Tissue equivalent materials representing paediatric bone (Plaster of Paris; PoP) and soft tissue (Poly methyl methacrylate; PMMA) were used. PMMA was machined to match the bony anatomy identified from a CT scan of a 5-year-old child and cavities were created for infusing the PoP. Phantom validation comprised physical and visual measures. Physical included CT density comparison between a CT scan of a 5-year old child and the phantom and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) comparative analysis of anteroposterior phantom X-ray images against a commercial anthropomorphic phantom. Visual analysis using a psychometric image quality scale (face validity). RESULTS: CT density, the percentage difference between cortical bone, soft tissue and their equivalent tissue substitutes were-4.7 to-4.1% and-23.4%, respectively. For SNR, (mAs response) there was a strong positive correlation between the two phantoms (r>0.95 for all kVps). For kVp response, there was a strong positive correlation between 1 and 8 mAs (r=0.85), this then decreased as mAs increased (r=-0.21 at 20 mAs). Psychometric scale results produced a Cronbach's Alpha of almost 0.8. CONCLUSIONS: Physical and visual measures suggest our low-cost phantom has suitable anatomical characteristics for X-ray imaging. Our phantom could have utility in dose and image quality optimisation studies.

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“…The introduction of computerized scanning and its use in radiotherapy planning markedly improved the way patient anatomy can be specifıed in treatment planning. 8,9 This technique takes patient anatomy dose restrictions and goals, as determined by the radiation oncologist, into consideration for computing the dose inside the patient. Between 1986 and 1989, 3DCRT planning systems started to be implemented, [10][11][12][13] and their subsequent commercial availability led to the widespread use of three dimensional treatment planning in the clinic.…”

Section: Historic Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Photons or Protons for Non–Central Nervous System Solid Malignancies in Children: A Historical Perspective and Important Highlights

Daw

Mahajan

2013

American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book

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Over the years, major advances have occurred in radiotherapy techniques, delivery, and treatment planning. Although radiotherapy is an integral treatment component of pediatric solid tumors, it is associated with potential acute and long-term untoward effects and risk of secondary malignancy particularly in growing children. Two major advances in external beam radiotherapy are intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and proton beam radiotherapy. Their use in the treatment of children with cancer has been steadily increasing. IMRT uses multiple modulated radiation fields that enhance the conformality of the dose distribution to the target volume and avoid high doses to normal tissues. However, IMRT may be associated with increased volume of normal tissue that receives low doses and potential risk of secondary malignancy. Contrary to IMRT, proton beam radiotherapy uses a few beams and a fast dose fall-off distal to the target volume. Although both modalities require substantial personnel time and effort, the very high cost and limited availability of proton radiotherapy have constrained its widespread use. It is anticipated that both modalities may markedly improve tumor control and quality of life for long-term cancer survivors. Clinical trials with long-term follow-up are needed to confirm the premise that proton beam therapy will decrease late effects and secondary malignancies without compromising local control in pediatric patients with cancer.

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Applications of Computed Tomography in Radiotherapy Treatment Planning

Cited by 23 publications

References 86 publications

The Modern Technology of Radiation Oncology: A Compendium for Medical Physicists and Radiation Oncologists

The Modern Technology of Radiation Oncology: A Compendium for Medical Physicists and Radiation Oncologists

Construction and validation of a low cost paediatric pelvis phantom

Photons or Protons for Non–Central Nervous System Solid Malignancies in Children: A Historical Perspective and Important Highlights

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