“…In recent years, researchers have used mathematical models called artificial neural networks to help them understand how radiation interacts with tissue [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Moreover, the strong mathematical tool of numerical computing [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ] has been employed to solve various engineering challenges, most notably in the field of artificial networks [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ]. One of the intelligent methods for solving complex and nonlinear problems was developed in 1968 by M.G.…”