Applications of ejectors in proton exchange membrane fuel cells: A review

Liu, Yang; Tu, Zhengkai; Chan, Siew Hwa

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2020.106683

Cited by 48 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…For subsonic flow, the primary flow rate can be calculated as follows: The mass flow rate of the secondary flow is defined as where the subscripts P and S represent the primary and secondary flows, respectively, κ is the specific heat ratio of the gas, ψ P is the isentropic coefficient, and ρ̅ S represents the average density of the secondary flow.…”

Section: Model Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Droplet Dynamics in a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell with Ejector-Based Recirculation

Liu

Luo

et al. 2021

Energy Fuels

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Effective water management plays a significant role in improving the performance and lifetime of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The ejector can take full advantage of the huge pressure potential between the high-pressure fuel tank and the PEMFCs to realize fuel gas recovery, and it is usually adopted for the auxiliary drainage of hydrogen/oxygen stacks. In this study, the dynamic behavior of liquid water droplets in the cathode flow channel of a PEMFC operating in ejector-based recirculation mode was numerically investigated. The effects of the operating current density of the fuel cell as well as the pore size of the water inlet boundary on the droplet behavior were studied, and the number of contact surfaces between the droplet and the flow channel were investigated. The results show that the speed of water removal from the flow channel with ejector-based recirculation can be increased by 37.5% when the fuel cell operates at 1.0 A cm–2. Moreover, the hydrophobic side and top surfaces are more suitable for water slug removal when the PEMFC operates at a high current density, owing to the shorter drainage period. We herein provide recommendations for effectively enhancing the water management of a PEMFC with ejector-based gas recirculation.

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Section: Model Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Droplet Dynamics in a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell with Ejector-Based Recirculation

Liu

Luo

et al. 2021

Energy Fuels

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“…As one of the main ways to utilize hydrogen energy, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are ideally suited for vehicles and are considered a clean energy technology with strong links to sustainability. Due to their high energy density, high efficiency, fast start up, zero emission, and low maintenance and noise, they are viewed as the most promising green energy converters to replace conventional internal combustion engines [5,10,11]. Compared to renewable energy sources such as solar and wind turbines, hydrogen fuel cells are not affected by environmental factors such as temperature, seasons, and geology [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the Structural Parameters on the Performance of a Regenerative-Type Hydrogen Recirculation Blower for Vehicular Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Liang,

Kang,

Zeng

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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The compact structure and stable performance of regenerative blowers at small flow rates render them attractive for the development of hydrogen recirculation devices for fuel cells. However, its optimization of structural parameters has not been yet reported in the literature. Along these lines, in this work, a mechanistic study was carried out in terms of examining the role of the flow channel structure on the performance of a regenerative-type hydrogen recirculation blower for the fabrication of automotive fuel cells. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) model of the regenerative blower was established, and the accuracy of the proposed model was verified through experimental data. The impact of structural parameter interactions on the performance of the regenerative blower was investigated using CFD technology, response surface methodology (RSM), and genetic algorithm (GA). First, the range of the structural parameters was selected according to the actual operation, and the influence of a single geometric factor on the efficiency was thoroughly investigated using CFD simulation. Then, a second-order regression model was successfully established using RSM. The response surface model was solved using GA to obtain the optimized geometric parameters and the reliability of the GA optimization was verified by performing CFD simulations. From our analysis, it was demonstrated that the interaction of the blade angle and impeller inner diameter has a significant impact on efficiency. The entropy generation analysis showed also that the internal flow loss of the optimized regenerative blower was significantly reduced, and the design point efficiency reached 51.7%, which was significantly improved. Our work provides a novel solution for the design of a recirculation blower and offers a reference for the optimization of regenerative-type hydrogen blowers.

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“…5,6 PEMFCs can be divided into three operating modes, depending on whether the residual fuel gas can be reused: flow-through, dead-ended, and recirculation. 7 To improve the fuel utilization, dead-ended and recirculation modes have become the most common operating PEMFC modes. Although the recirculation mode can recycle unreacted fuel to maximize the utilization rate of the fuel, it requires an additional external gas recovery device.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PEMFCs can be divided into three operating modes, depending on whether the residual fuel gas can be reused: flow-through, dead-ended, and recirculation . To improve the fuel utilization, dead-ended and recirculation modes have become the most common operating PEMFC modes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalyst Degradation Mitigation and Fuel Utilization Enhancement of a Dead-Ended Anode and Cathode Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell with Periodical Oxygen Supply

Liu

Chan

2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Hydrogen−oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have promising military applications. However, carbon corrosion in the catalyst layer induced by water flooding significantly affects the performance and longevity of PEMFCs. In this study, a periodical oxygen supply strategy is proposed to improve water management in PEMFCs. The hydrogen and oxygen utilization reached 99.84 and 98.82%, respectively. The performance degradation rate of a PEMFC with a current density of 600 mA•cm −2 decreased by 45.1% under the proposed strategy. According to morphological results, the thickness degradation rate of the cathode catalyst layer operating in the proposed strategy is generally lower than that in the conventional dead-ended mode, which was mainly due to the irreversible Pt agglomeration, oxidation, and carbon support corrosion, especially in the oxygen outlet area. This work contributes to the engineering application of H 2 /O 2 PEMFCs by providing a deeper understanding of dead-ended behaviors.

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Applications of ejectors in proton exchange membrane fuel cells: A review

Cited by 48 publications

References 91 publications

Droplet Dynamics in a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell with Ejector-Based Recirculation

Droplet Dynamics in a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell with Ejector-Based Recirculation

Impact of the Structural Parameters on the Performance of a Regenerative-Type Hydrogen Recirculation Blower for Vehicular Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Catalyst Degradation Mitigation and Fuel Utilization Enhancement of a Dead-Ended Anode and Cathode Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell with Periodical Oxygen Supply

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