Applications of electrical strain gages in the fields of monitoring and material mechanics

Lehmann, T; Stockmann, Martin; Ihlemann, Jörn; Menger, Thomas

doi:10.1002/gamm.201800006

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The production process of the piezoresistive sensor fiber was published in previous work [1]. A styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene triblock copolymer (TPS), (KRAIBURG TPE GmbH and Co KG, Waldkraiburg, Germany) was mixed with 50 vol% Ensaco 250 carbon black (CB) (TIMCAL Graphite and Carbon, Bodio, Switzerland) in an internal mixer (HAAKE Polylab OS, Thermo Electron Corporation, Karlsruhe, Germany).…”

Section: Sensor Fiber Composite Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene triblock copolymer (TPS), (KRAIBURG TPE GmbH and Co KG, Waldkraiburg, Germany) was mixed with 50 vol% Ensaco 250 carbon black (CB) (TIMCAL Graphite and Carbon, Bodio, Switzerland) in an internal mixer (HAAKE Polylab OS, Thermo Electron Corporation, Karlsruhe, Germany). The material was then extruded into fiber with a diameter of 0.3 mm using a capillary rheometer (Rosand RH7, Malvern Panalytical GmbH, Herrenberg, Germany [1,2].…”

Section: Sensor Fiber Composite Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The recent progress in the field of conductive composite materials has produced many attractive new opportunities for sensor development. Inspired by the commonly used metal strain gauges that offer repeatable, precise strain measurements at low strains [1] but have a high Young's modulus, researchers have developed elastic sensors based on polymers and their composites. Rubber-based strain sensors can easily measure in a twentyfold range and have already found application in health monitoring [2], robot motion detection [3,4] and human interface devices [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of the Elastomer Matrix on Thermoplastic Elastomer-Based Strain Sensor Fiber Composites

Georgopoulou

Kummerlöwe

Clemens

2020

Sensors

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In this study, a thermoplastic elastomer sensor fiber was embedded in an elastomer matrix. The effect of the matrix material on the sensor properties and the piezoresistive behavior of the single fiber-matrix composite system was investigated. For all composites, cycling test (dynamic test) and the relaxation behavior at different strains (quasi-static test) were investigated. In all cases, dynamic properties and quasi-static significantly changed after embedding, compared to the pure fiber. The composite with the silicone elastomer PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane) as matrix material exhibited deviation from linear response of the resistivity at low strains and proved an unsuitable choice compared to natural rubber. The addition of a spring construct in the embedded sensor fiber natural rubber composite improved the linearity at low strains but increased the mechanical and electrical hysteresis of the soft matter sensor composite. Using pre-vulcanized natural rubber improved linearity at low strains and reduced significantly the stress and relative resistance relaxation as well as the resistance hysteresis, especially if the resistance remained low. In both cases of the pre-vulcanized rubber and the spring structure, the piezoresistive behavior was improved, and at the same time, the stiffness of the system was increased indicating that using a stiffer matrix can be a strategy for improving the sensor properties.

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Section: Sensor Fiber Composite Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sensor Fiber Composite Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of the Elastomer Matrix on Thermoplastic Elastomer-Based Strain Sensor Fiber Composites

Georgopoulou

Kummerlöwe

Clemens

2020

Sensors

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“…The structure of the strain gauge is shown in Figure 3a. When the strain gauge is bent by external forces, the length of the inner metal wire will become longer, and the resistance value R of the metal wire is proportional to the length L. The increase in the length will lead to an increase in the resistance of the strain gauge [21][22][23]. Two sets of the same pressure sensors are installed in the cone tip and the side wall of the probe.…”

Section: Pressure Sensor Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical Studies and Implementation on the Temporary Data Storage Method for Cone Penetration Test

Liu

Shen

Wang

et al. 2021

Sensors

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The traditional cone penetration test system uses cable to transmit data; as the probe goes deeper into the ground, the length of the cable will become longer. This makes the installation of the test equipment more complicated, and excessively long cables cause signal distortion and seriously affect data accuracy. To simplify the experimental equipment and improve the accuracy of data acquisition, a cableless cone penetration test system is proposed. The improved system uses an SD card to store the experimental data, as opposed to using cables for communication which, often lead to the distortion of signals caused by long-distance communication and data loss caused by accidental cable breaks. Therefore, the accuracy of the collected data is higher, and the experimental device is simplified. To evaluate the applicability and efficiency of our design, we have carried out exploration experiments with the sensor system proposed in this paper. The test results show that the experimental data collected by the new system are basically consistent with the data collected by traditional cable CPT equipment, and the accuracy of the collected data is higher. It is more reliable and accurate to analyze the comprehensive mechanical properties of the soil layers with the data collected by the new system.

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“…Furthermore, a comparison with the measurement using Digital Image Correlation (DIC) in a large deformation range is demonstrated. Explanations to these analyses are also given in Lehmann et al [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations in the field of material mechanics using strain gages

Lehmann

Stockmann

Ihlemann

2018

Proc Appl Math and Mech

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In this contribution, investigations of the stress-strain behavior of different metals using strain gage technique are presented. The measurement of strains using strain gages provides high measuring accuracy. In case of large deformations, the nonlinearity of the resistance-strain-relation, including elastic and plastic strain of the gage grid material, has to be considered. Moreover, for the detection of large deformations, high-elongation strain gages and special bonding adhesives are used. Furthermore, at larger resistance changes the nonlinearity of the Wheatstone bridge has to be taken into account. As an example, the stress-strain behavior of the steel 50CrV4 with 3 different process states in the small deformation range during tensile tests is demonstrated. The differences of the resulting stress-strain curves of the material in the different process states are analyzed. Additionally, specimens of the aluminum alloy EN AW-2024 are investigated in a large deformation range using tensile tests. Therein, the strain transmission enabled by the bonding is in the special focus. Furthermore, results of the large deformation tests are compared to the strain measurement using Digital Image Correlation.

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Applications of electrical strain gages in the fields of monitoring and material mechanics

Cited by 7 publications

References 3 publications

Effect of the Elastomer Matrix on Thermoplastic Elastomer-Based Strain Sensor Fiber Composites

Effect of the Elastomer Matrix on Thermoplastic Elastomer-Based Strain Sensor Fiber Composites

Theoretical Studies and Implementation on the Temporary Data Storage Method for Cone Penetration Test

Investigations in the field of material mechanics using strain gages

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