Applications of Fluorescent Nanodiamond in Biology

Abstract

Fluorescent nanodiamond (FND) has emerged as a promising material in several multidisciplinary areas, including biology, chemistry, physics, and materials science. Composed of sp 3 ‐carbon atoms, FND offers superior biocompatibility, chemical inertness, a large surface area, tunable surface structure, and excellent mechanical characteristics. The nanoparticle is unique in that it comprises a high‐density ensemble of negatively charged nitrogen‐vacancy (NV − ) centers that act as built‐in fluorophores and exhibit a number of remarkable optical and magnetic properties. These properties make FND particularly well suited for a wide range of applications, including cell labeling, long‐term cell tracking, super‐resolution imaging, nanoscale sensing, and drug delivery. This article discusses recent applications of FND‐enabled developments in biology.

Spin-Enhanced Lateral Flow Immunoassay for High-Sensitivity Detection of Nonstructural Protein NS1 Serotypes of the Dengue Virus

“…Negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV – ) centers in a fluorescent nanodiamond (FND) can act as a built-in fluorophore probe for LFIA to enhance the sensitivity. − The FND is a promising carbon-based nanomaterial for biological applications due to its low toxicity, high biocompatibility, physiochemical inertness, and easy surface modification. − Miller et al utilized microwave modulation to separate signals from background fluorescence in the FND-based LFIA. They could detect a single copy of HIV-1 RNA with the addition of a 10 min isothermal amplification step.…”