Applications of Fluorinated Additives for Lubricants

Ebnesajjad, Sina; Morgan, Richard A.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-3461-4.00006-4

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Selection of PTFE type and optimization of PTFE content PTFE micropowders with primary particle sizes < 1 µm are well-known and commonly used thickeners of greases for long-life applications. They can be produced via different process routes, which result in products of different molecular weights, particle morphology, size, and size distribution, which then has a significant effect on their ability to be dispersed in a lubricant fluid [30]. Ten different commercially available PTFE powders were therefore compared.…”

Section: Selection Of Base Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a Space Grease Lubricant with Long-Term-Storage Properties

Schüler,

Holynska,

Henry

et al. 2024

Lubricants

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Controlled vacuum environments as in space applications represent a challenge for the lubrication of tribological components. In addition to common space lubricant requirements like, e.g., low evaporation, a broad operational temperature range and a high stability during operation, long-term-storage (LTS) properties have gained increasing attention recently. The term addresses the time-dependent stability of a lubricant under static conditions, which can mean chemical degradation processes such as oxidation on the one hand, but also the physical separation of oil and thickener in heterogeneous lubricants like greases. Due to the extended storage periods of lubricated components on-ground but also during a space mission for several years, it has to be ensured that a lubricant is still functional after LTS. This article depicts the development of a space lubricant grease with LTS properties. Firstly, LTS requirements and methods for their assessment are discussed. In the following, a systematic approach towards the design of a grease formulation compatible with LTS is described. Finally, the manufacturing of prototype formulations and their broad characterization by means of LTS behaviour, outgassing, and tribological performance is presented.

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Section: Selection Of Base Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the context of a formulation development, the most important parameters for material selection are [28][29][30]:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Space Grease Lubricant with Long-Term-Storage Properties

Schüler,

Holynska,

Henry

et al. 2024

Lubricants

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“…The carbon and partially the oxygen can be explained by the assumption (later proven by TEM) that the sample contains SNPs. Fluorinated additives provide low friction and wear in the engine; 42 thus, the presence of fluorine can also be explained by the elution or wear originating from fluorine-containing polymer seals usually applied at elevated temperatures. Nitrogen is known as the component of commonly used aminic corrosion inhibitors and dispersants in engine oils preventing sludge formation.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soot Nanoparticles Generated from Tribofilm Decomposition under Real Engine Conditions for Identifying Lubricant Hazards

Thersleff

Jenei

Budnyk

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Lubrication of an internal combustion engine is critical for energy and material losses. Engine lubricants contain a number of functional additives including zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, which is a commonly used antiwear additive that forms by in situ decomposition a protective interface at the metal surface. Here, we present a detailed nanoscale investigation of carbonaceous soot nanoparticles generated from real engine conditions. By combining macroscale XPS with high-resolution STEM-EELS-EDX, we reveal that such a soot nanoparticle matrix contains also 3–5 nm ZnO-based nanoparticles with additions of phosphorus and sulfur, originating from the organometallic antiwear additive. Under the consideration of the obtained chemical information on the carbonaceous matrix and (ZnO:P,S) nanoparticles and the generally known suggestion of potential toxicity for soot nanoparticles, our method allows us to predict nanoparticle-based hazards from mechanochemical applications and also their formation mechanism. These are critical information and also the basis of toxicity assessment, both for theoretical predictions and experimental testing for the estimation of overall life-cycle analysis, including the environmental impact. Our results unravel the tribofilm decomposition under real field conditions and hint toward potentially unidentified toxicological nanoparticle hazards with respect to organophosphate-containing lubricants.

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“…The carbon and partially the oxygen can be explained by the assumption (later proven by TEM) that the sample contains soot particles. Fluorinated additives provide low friction and wear in the engine; 41 thus, the presence of fluorine can be also explained by the elution or wear originating from fluorinecontaining polymer seals usually applied at elevated temperatures. Nitrogen is known as component of commonly used aminic corrosion inhibitors and dispersants in engine oils preventing sludge formation.…”

Section: Xps Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Formation of Soot Particles from Tribofilm Decomposition Under Real Engine Conditions

Thersleff¹,

Jenei²,

Budnyk³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Lubrication of an internal combustion engine is critical for unwanted energy and material losses. Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) is a commonly used anti-wear additive that forms by <i>in situ </i>decomposition a protecting interface between sliding surfaces. The interface consists of the tribofilm on both surfaces and oil in the contact. Soot particles from a petrol engine and gas engine were analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques: electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). These techniques revealed that the end-products in soot contain 3-5 nm ZnO-based particles with additions of phosphorus and sulfur, originating from the ZDDP anti-wear additive. Our results unravel the tribofilm decomposition under real field conditions and hint toward potentially unidentified hazards with respect to ZDDP-containing lubricants.

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Applications of Fluorinated Additives for Lubricants

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Development of a Space Grease Lubricant with Long-Term-Storage Properties

Development of a Space Grease Lubricant with Long-Term-Storage Properties

Soot Nanoparticles Generated from Tribofilm Decomposition under Real Engine Conditions for Identifying Lubricant Hazards

Structure and Formation of Soot Particles from Tribofilm Decomposition Under Real Engine Conditions

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