Applications of Graphene Electrophoretic Deposition. A Review

Abstract

This Review summarizes research progress employing electrophoretic deposition (EPD) to fabricate graphene and graphene-based nanostructures for a wide range of applications, including energy storage materials, field emission devices, supports for fuel cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, supercapacitors and sensors, among others. These carbonaceous nanomaterials can be dispersed in organic solvents, or more commonly in water, using a variety of techniques compatible with EPD. Most deposits are produced under constant voltage conditions with deposition time also playing an important role in determining the morphology of the resulting graphene structures. In addition to simple planar substrates, it has been shown that uniform graphene-based layers can be deposited on three-dimensional, porous, and even flexible substrates. In general, electrophoretically deposited graphene layers show excellent properties, e.g., high electrical conductivity, large surface area, good thermal stability, high optical transparency, and robust mechanical strength. EPD also enables the fabrication of functional composite materials, e.g., graphene combined with metallic nanoparticles, with other carbonaceous materials (e.g., carbon nanotubes) or polymers, leading to novel nanomaterials with enhanced optical and electrical properties. In summary, the analysis of the available literature reveals that EPD is a simple and convenient processing method for graphene and graphene-based materials, which is easy to apply and versatile. EPD has, therefore, a promising future for applications in the field of advanced nanomaterials, which depend on the reliable manipulation of graphene and graphene-containing systems.

Electrophoretic deposition of graphene-related materials: A review of the fundamentals

“…The microstructural characteristics of GRM structures determine their performance in their intended function [7], although requirements differ. For example, electrodes for electrochemical double layer supercapacitors rely on high structural porosity as well as a large interlayer separation of GRM sheets to allow effective electrolyte access and to maximise the active surface area for charge storage [15,63,96,124,143].…”

Electrochemical synthesis of nanosized hydroxyapatite/graphene composite powder

“…The characteristic band at 3572 cm −1 and weak broad band at 634 cm −1 can be attributed to the stretching and vibrational modes of the structural OH − groups of the hydroxyapatite lattice [40]. The absorbance bands at 1420 and 1460 cm −1 correspond to ν 3 asymmetrical stretching vibrations of the CO 3 2− ions, indicating predominatly B-type hydroxyapatite [41]. It is preferential substitution in the human bone known for its excellent bioactivity and osteoinductivity [41].…”

“…It has drawn attention in the composite materials field as a useful reinforcement for composites due to its unique qualities: excellent thermal and mechanical properties, large specific surface area and electrical conductivity [1][2][3]. Graphene has been utilized as a new material in applications including field-effect transistors, memory devices, photovoltaic devices, electron acceptors, various sensors [3], and composites [4][5][6][7].…”

Electrophoretic Sedimentation of Graphene Oxide on Cylindrical Surface of Microwires

“…[1]. As the authors of a number of publications note, graphene oxide electrophoresis (GO) can prove to be a promising method of obtaining new materials for new technologies that require materials with unique properties.…”