Applications of Hydrothermal Carbon in Modern Nanotechnology

Sevilla, Marta; Fuertes, Antonio B.; Demir‐Cakan, Rezan; Titirici, Maria‐Magdalena

doi:10.1002/9781118622179.ch7

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 271 publications

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“…However, from a different perspective, new applications have been studied for environmental applications, such as a soil amendment for the increase of soil fertility, while providing a long-term carbon sink [155,156] and as an efficient adsorbent in environmental remediation processes [157,158]. Furthermore, hydrochar is suitable for a wide range of other important applications in modern nanotechnology, including catalysis and energy storage and generation [159].…”

Section: Biochar Recovery and Exploitation Possibilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Frontiers in the Catalytic Synthesis of Levulinic Acid: From Sugars to Raw and Waste Biomass as Starting Feedstock

et al. 2016

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Levulinic acid (LA) is one of the top bio-based platform molecules that can be converted into many valuable chemicals. It can be produced by acid catalysis from renewable resources, such as sugars, lignocellulosic biomass and waste materials, attractive candidates due to their abundance and environmentally benign nature. The LA transition from niche product to mass-produced chemical, however, requires its production from sustainable biomass feedstocks at low costs, adopting environment-friendly techniques. This review is an up-to-date discussion of the literature on the several catalytic systems that have been developed to produce LA from the different substrates. Special attention has been paid to the recent advancements on starting materials, moving from simple sugars to raw and waste biomasses. This aspect is of paramount importance from a sustainability point of view, transforming wastes needing to be disposed into starting materials for value-added products. This review also discusses the strategies to exploit the solid residues always obtained in the LA production processes, in order to attain a circular economy approach.

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Section: Biochar Recovery and Exploitation Possibilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Frontiers in the Catalytic Synthesis of Levulinic Acid: From Sugars to Raw and Waste Biomass as Starting Feedstock

et al. 2016

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“…The high carbon content and high heating value of secondary char is of interest for its potential use as a biofuel [6,28]. As reported by Sevilla et al [29] and Funke et al [13], the morphology and structure makes secondary char suitable for advanced carbonaceous material applications, including lithium ion batteries [30]. To date, most studies 1 As coke is often used to refer to the formation of non-desorbed products on a secondary substrate (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of hydrothermal carbonization conditions on the formation of hydrochars and secondary chars from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste

Lucian

Volpe

Gao

et al. 2018

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238

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“…The application of HTC carbon as solid fuel is the first choice [11]. Other potential applications involve their transformation into active carbon or battery electrodes [12]. It might also be used as soil conditioner or for carbon sequestration [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) plant as a decentral biorefinery for wet biomass

Hitzl¹,

et al. 2015

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The hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a very suitable process to transform wet biomass feedstocks into a peat-like material without drying the biomass input.Therefore, the energetic balance is more favorable than for alternative processes converting biomass as a whole. Further synergies can be achieved when the plant is employed as central hub for a regional biorefinery. Hence, a HTC pilot plant is operated with garden prunings and monitored during two years. It is shown that the elemental composition of HTC carbon is relatively constant. A carbon content of higher than 60%(based on dry, ash-free matter) is achieved. Fixed carbon content and volatile matter show low variation being the volatile content quite high with 61% on average. Dried in a post-process treatment which is less energy-demanding than drying of the raw biomass and pressed into pellets or briquettes the HTC carbon can be used as solid biofuel fulfilling the European standard (EN 14961-6).With a regional thermal valorization of the biofuel the ashes can be returned as phosphorous source to the crop land from which the biomass was harvested. Part of the process water, which involves a high amount of potassium, can be used for crop irrigation. In this way, valuable plant nutrients are recovered for soil remediation.Hence, closing the nutrient cycles a HTC plant can be considered as a sustainable local biorefinery producing a solid biofuel. Thereby, solar energy is exploited which was 2 fixed before by photosynthesis together with the carbon dioxide which is liberated in the combustion of the solid biofuel. Optionally, the process water might serve as an alternative source of energy as it is demonstrated that its carbon content can be exploited for biogas production.3 Graphical Abstract HighlightsThe hydrothermal carbonization process was monitored in a pilot plant over two years HTC carbon fulfills European standard for a type of solid biofuel HTC carbon ashes from garden prunings serve as source for plant nutrients (phosphorous)Potassium levels in the soil can be improved by irrigation with HTC process water Chemical oxygen demand of the process water can be reduced by 95% by biogas production

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Applications of Hydrothermal Carbon in Modern Nanotechnology

Cited by 6 publications

References 271 publications

New Frontiers in the Catalytic Synthesis of Levulinic Acid: From Sugars to Raw and Waste Biomass as Starting Feedstock

New Frontiers in the Catalytic Synthesis of Levulinic Acid: From Sugars to Raw and Waste Biomass as Starting Feedstock

Impact of hydrothermal carbonization conditions on the formation of hydrochars and secondary chars from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste

The hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) plant as a decentral biorefinery for wet biomass

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