Applications of Influenza Virosomes as a Delivery System

Cusi, Maria Grazia

doi:10.4161/hv.2.1.2494

Cited by 67 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…91 Liposomes that also comprise lipid or other material derived from virus are known as virosomes, with material from influenza virus such as hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase being commonly used. [92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102] Currently there is more evidence to support the hypothesis that particles smaller than 300nm are the most effective at crossing mucus, 103 but there is also evidence to suggest that larger particles are also able to penetrate. Results from intranasal administration of mucoadhesive microparticles suggest that penetration of the entire particle may not be necessary to induce an immune response.…”

Section: Formulation Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current prospects and future challenges for nasal vaccine delivery

Yusuf

Kett

2016

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

124

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Nasal delivery offers many benefits over traditional approaches to vaccine administration. These include ease of administration without needles that reduces issues associated with needlestick injuries and disposal. Additionally, this route offers easy access to a key part of the immune system that can stimulate other mucosal sites throughout the body. Increased acceptance of nasal vaccine products in both adults and children has led to a burgeoning pipeline of nasal delivery technology. Key challenges and opportunities for the future will include translating in vivo data to clinical outcomes. Particular focus should be brought to designing delivery strategies that take into account the broad range of diseases, populations and healthcare delivery settings that stand to benefit from this unique mucosal route. In this review the current state of the art in nasal vaccine delivery will be described along with future prospects. A brief introduction to the anatomy and physiology of the nasal cavity will highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the route. Encapsulation and presentation methods along with particular formulation considerations for the nasal route will also be discussed.There are many mucosal routes which have been regarded as potential sites for vaccine delivery such as oral, nasal, pulmonary, conjunctival, rectal and vaginal mucosa. However, for practical and cultural reasons researchers have tended to focus only on oral, nasal, and pulmonary administration. 1 Needlefree vaccines offer many advantages over traditional vaccination approaches including convenience, cost, ease of administration and disposal.There are several needle free methods of vaccination such as transdermal delivery and mucosal delivery. 2,3 Mucosal immunization has been successfully used in human vaccination. The human mucosal immune system is large and specialized in performing inspection for foreign antigens to protect the surfaces themselves and of course human body interior. Since most infections affect or start from mucosal surfaces, using a mucosal route of vaccination is of great interest and provides a rational reason to induce a protective immune response. 3 Nasal delivery of vaccine offers an easily accessible route to the immune system.The nose has the function of olfactory detection (sense of smell) and also filtration, humidification and temperature control of air as it enters the respiratory system. Moving from front to back the areas of the nasal cavity are the nasal vestibule, the respiratory region, and the olfactory region. The nasal cavity is divided by the septum to form the left and right nares, which lead into the left and right choana before opening onto the nasopharynx at the top of the throat. The turbinates bound the nasal walls and are responsible for air conditioning and the large mucosal surface area of the nasal cavity. The nose is also the main port of entry for many pathogens. The first barrier to foreign bodies is hair at the entrance to the nares, the nostrils, which successfully keeps ou...

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Section: Formulation Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current prospects and future challenges for nasal vaccine delivery

Yusuf

Kett

2016

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

124

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“…The concentrations of virosomes are o en in the range between 20 and 200 mg mL -1 in their buff ers, depending upon the properties of virosome components and particular purposes (29). The formulated virosomes are usually sterilized (for example, through membrane fi ltration) before they are administrated through parenteral, intravenous, oral, intramuscular, topical or respiratory routes (36)(37)(38).…”

Section: Administration Of Virosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virosome, a hybrid vehicle for efficient and safe drug delivery and its emerging application in cancer treatment

Liu

Feng

et al. 2015

Acta Pharmaceutica

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A virosome is an innovative hybrid drug delivery system with advantages of both viral and non-viral vectors. Studies have shown that a virosome can carry various biologically active molecules, such as nucleic acids, peptides, proteins and small organic molecules. Targeted drug delivery using virosome-based systems can be achieved through surface modifi cations of virosomes. A number of virosome--based prophylactic and therapeutic products with high safety profi les are currently available in the market. Cancer treatment is a big ba lefi eld for virosome-based drug delivery systems. This review provides an overview of the general concept, preparation procedures, working mechanisms, preclinical studies and clinical applications of virosomes in cancer treatment.

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“…These systems are most likely to be applied in cytotoxic gene therapy [30,33]. In contrast to these, nonviral vectors such as liposomes (virosomes) and nanoparticles have rapidly increased due to their low immune response and ease of synthesis [34]. However, limitation of inefficient transfer and low gene expression have been reported and have to be overcome [31].…”

Section: Immunoconjugatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The other type of liposomes are classified as virosomes which are liposomes carrying viral proteins removed from virus on their surface. This strategy has been proposed to immunization [34] and can be administered via mucosal (nasal, vaginal, etc. ), intradermal and intramuscular routes.…”

Section: Immunoconjugatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An ideal gene delivery carrier would be a system that can safely transport the genetic materials without exhibiting any toxicity and immune responses as well as being able to be produced on large scale [120]. Using virosomes, these can be processed by APC cells which ensures presentation via MHC I or II resulting in humoral and cellular responses [34]. A commercially available product is Epaxal ® [121] which compared to conventional aluminum-adsorbed hepatitis A vaccine, the virosome-based vaccine may provide enhanced protection and cause fewer local adverse effects [34].…”

Section: Mucosal Drug Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

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