Applications of microalga <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> in aquaculture

Ahmad, Mahyudin; Shariff, Mohamed; Yusoff, Fatimah Md.; Goh, Yong Meng; Banerjee, Sanjoy

doi:10.1111/raq.12320

Cited by 175 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 153 publications

(328 reference statements)

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“…Past research also reported that C. vulgaris is a potential source of renewable energy due to its high lipid content. However, the total lipid content is dependent on culture conditions [22]. In addition, studies using FTIR indicated that polyol and amide constituents in C. vulgaris played critical role in synthesizing palladium nanoparticles by reducing the metal ions in an eco-friendly and non-toxic process [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive GCMS and LC-MS/MS Metabolite Profiling of Chlorella vulgaris

et al. 2020

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The commercial cultivation of microalgae began in the 1960s and Chlorella was one of the first target organisms. The species has long been considered a potential source of renewable energy, an alternative for phytoremediation, and more recently, as a growth and immune stimulant. However, Chlorella vulgaris, which is one of the most studied microalga, has never been comprehensively profiled chemically. In the present study, comprehensive profiling of the Chlorella vulgaris metabolome grown under normal culture conditions was carried out, employing tandem LC-MS/MS to profile the ethanolic extract and GC-MS for fatty acid analysis. The fatty acid profile of C. vulgaris was shown to be rich in omega-6, -7, -9, and -13 fatty acids, with omega-6 being the highest, representing more than sixty percent (>60%) of the total fatty acids. This is a clear indication that this species of Chlorella could serve as a good source of nutrition when incorporated in diets. The profile also showed that the main fatty acid composition was that of C16-C18 (>92%), suggesting that it might be a potential candidate for biodiesel production. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed carotenoid constituents comprising violaxanthin, neoxanthin, lutein, β-carotene, vulgaxanthin I, astaxanthin, and antheraxanthin, along with other pigments such as the chlorophylls. In addition to these, amino acids, vitamins, and simple sugars were also profiled, and through mass spectrometry-based molecular networking, 48 phospholipids were putatively identified.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive GCMS and LC-MS/MS Metabolite Profiling of Chlorella vulgaris

et al. 2020

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“…The green microalga Chlorella is among the most common algal species used in aquaculture (Ahmad et al, 2020). Axenic Chlorella sp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutualistic interactions of green microalga Chlorella sp. with bacterial quorum sensing degrader Bacillus spp isolated from biofloc and freswater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Nurarina¹,

Aini²,

Ying³

et al. 2020

JEB

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“…From the view of nutrition, C. vulgaris is rich in nutrients, containing 61.6% proteins, 12.5% fat, 13.7% carbohydrates, trace elements, various vitamins, and minerals, and is generally used as growth promoter and immunopotentiator ( Ahmad et al, 2018 ). Khani et al (2017) have studied the effect of C. vulgaris on immunological parameters of koi carp Cyprinus carpio .…”

Section: Microalgae Can Be Excellent Immunostimulants or Antioxidantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Microalgae as Immunostimulants and Recombinant Vaccines for Diseases Prevention and Control in Aquaculture

Bao

et al. 2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Microalgae are often used as nutritional supplements for aquatic animals and are widely used in the aquaculture industry, providing direct or indirect nutrients for many aquatic animals. Microalgae are abundant in nature, of high nutritional value, and some of them are non-toxic and rich in antioxidants so that they can be explored as a medicinal carrier for human or animals. Natural wild-type microalgae can be adopted as an immunostimulant to enhance non-specific immune response and improve growth performance, among which Haematococcus pluvialis, Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis, and Chlorella spp. are commonly used. At present, there have been some successful cases of using microalgae to develop oral vaccines in the aquaculture industry. Researchers usually develop recombinant vaccines based on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Dunaliella salina , and cyanobacteria. Among them, in the genetic modification of eukaryotic microalgae, many examples are expressing antigen genes in chloroplasts. They are all used for the prevention and control of single infectious diseases and most of them are resistant to shrimp virus infection. However, there is still no effective strategy targeting polymicrobial infections and few commercial vaccines are available. Although several species of microalgae are widely developed in the aquaculture industry, many of them have not yet established an effective and mature genetic manipulation system. This article systematically analyzes and discusses the above problems to provide ideas for the future development of highly effective microalgae recombinant oral vaccines.

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Applications of microalga Chlorella vulgaris in aquaculture

Cited by 175 publications

References 153 publications

Comprehensive GCMS and LC-MS/MS Metabolite Profiling of Chlorella vulgaris

Comprehensive GCMS and LC-MS/MS Metabolite Profiling of Chlorella vulgaris

Mutualistic interactions of green microalga Chlorella sp. with bacterial quorum sensing degrader Bacillus spp isolated from biofloc and freswater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Evaluation of Microalgae as Immunostimulants and Recombinant Vaccines for Diseases Prevention and Control in Aquaculture

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