Applications of Microbial Enzymes in Food Industry

Sindhu, Raveendran; Binod, Parameswaran; Ummalyma, Sabeela Beevi; Abraham, Amith; Mathew, Anil Kuruvilla; Madhavan, Aravind; Rebello, Sharrel; Pandey, Ashok

doi:10.17113/ftb.56.01.18.5491

Cited by 551 publications

(279 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…Foods or beverages are fermented through regulation of microbial growth or actions of enzymes [1,2]. Thus, fermented foods are produced depending on factors such as nature of microorganisms, ingredients and environmental conditions [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Animal Study to Compare Hepatoprotective Effects Between Fermented Rice Bran and Fermented Rice Germ and Soybean in a Sprague-Dawley Rat Model of Alcohol-Induced Hepatic Injury

Ahn¹,

Cho²

2020

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We compared hepatoprotective effects between fermented rice bran (FRB) and fermented rice germ and soybean (FRS) in a Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model of alcohol-induced hepatic injury (AIHI). To establish an SD rat model of AIHI, the SD rats were given 30% ethanol or water without ethanol treatment. Then, they were given 30% ethanol followed by FRB or FRS at concentrations of 15% or 30%. Our results indicate that the FRB might be more effective in lowering serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the serum and liver mitochondria, serum triglyceride levels and ALDH levels at a concentration of 15%, serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), GSH levels at a concentration of 30% and MDA levels in the liver homogenate and microsome, and hepatic triglyceride levels at both concentrations as compared with the FRS. It can therefore be concluded that FRB might also be considered as an alternative to FRS in improving the AIHI. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, H.-Y.A. and Y.-S.C.; methodology, H.-Y.A.; software, H.-Y.A.; validation, H.-Y.A. and Y.-S.C.; formal analysis, H.-Y.A.; investigation, H.-Y.A.; resources, H.-Y.A.; data curation, H.-Y.A.; writing-original draft preparation, H.-Y.A. and Y.-S.C.; writing-review and editing, H.-Y.A. and Y.-S.C.; visualization, H.-Y.A.; supervision, H.-Y.A.; project administration, Y.-S.C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Animal Study to Compare Hepatoprotective Effects Between Fermented Rice Bran and Fermented Rice Germ and Soybean in a Sprague-Dawley Rat Model of Alcohol-Induced Hepatic Injury

Ahn¹,

Cho²

2020

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“…These microbial enzymes are utterly important in diverse economic sectors, such as food, textile and paper industries (Raveendran et al, 2018). Manufacture of biofuels using lignocellulosic-rich agro-industrial residues (to produce cellulosic ethanol and biodiesel), promotion of bioremediation and biodegradation of dangerous compounds and acquisition of enhanced products that can be utilized in animal feed are some of the potentials advantages of the utilization of microbial enzymes (Farinas, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequential bioprocessing of Ulva rigida to produce lignocellulolytic enzymes and to improve its nutritional value as aquaculture feed

Fernandes

Salgado

Martins

et al. 2019

Bioresource Technology

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A B S T R A C TThe macroalgae aquaculture industry has grown up in the last years, and new applications for macroalgae should be considered. In this work, sequential biological treatments as solid-state fermentation (SSF) by Aspergillus ibericus and enzymatic hydrolysis (EH) were applied to washed and unwashed Ulva rigida. SSF of unwashed macroalgae showed higher xylanase (359.8 U/g), cellulase (73.07 U/g) and β-glucosidase (14.9 U/g) activities per dry mass of macroalgae. After SSF, two strategies to carry out EH were assayed. The best process was SSF followed by EH by simply adding a buffer. The non-starch polysaccharides content was reduced by 93.2%, achieving a glucan conversion of 98%. In addition, the antioxidant activity was improved 2.8-fold and the protein concentration of macroalgae extracts increased from 16.9% to 29.8% (w/w). These biological treatments allowed to increase macroalgae value as feedstuff with potential for use in aquafeeds. 2015). Even thought, macroalgae are usually dried to be preserved, SSF

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“…DuPont, Novozyme, AB Enzyme) [9]. In some cases, antibiotics are used to prevent bacterial contamination [62,63,64], however, the use of antibiotics has been under increased scrutiny in the last years by the consumers and is not a well-accepted practice when the product is intended for the food industry. In this work, we presented that the ptxD-expressing strain outcompetes a bacterial contaminant strain when cultured in liquid Phi-based media (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the ptxD gene as a growth and selective marker in Trichoderma atroviride using Pccg6, a novel constitutive promoter

Carreras-Villaseñor

Rico-Ruiz

Lopez-Hernandez

et al. 2019

Preprint

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BackgroundTrichoderma species are among the most effective cell factories to produce recombinant proteins, whose productivity relies on the molecular toolkit and promoters available for the expression of the target protein. Although inducible promoter systems have been developed for producing recombinant proteins in Trichoderma, constitutive promoters are often a desirable alternative. Constitutive promoters are simple to use, do not require external stimuli or chemical inducers to be activated, and lead to purer enzyme preparations. Moreover, most of the promoters for homologous and heterologous expression reported in Trichoderma have been commonly evaluated by directly assessing production of industrial enzymes, requiring optimization of laborious protocols. ResultsHere we report the identification of Pccg6, a novel Trichoderma atroviride constitutive promoter, that has similar transcriptional strength as that of the commonly used pki1 promoter. Pccg6 displayed conserved arrangements of transcription factor binding sites between promoter sequences of Trichoderma ccg6 orthologues genes, potentially involved in their regulatory properties. The predicted ccg6-encoded protein potentially belongs to the SPE1/SPI1 protein family and shares high identity with CCG6 orthologue sequences from other fungal species including Trichoderma reesei, Trichoderma virens, Trichoderma asperellum, and lo a lesser extent to that of Neurosposa crassa. We also report the use of the Pccg6 promoter to drive the expression of PTXD, a phosphite oxidoreductase of bacterial origin, which allowed T. atroviride to utilize phosphite as a sole source of phosphorus. We propose ptxD as a growth reporter gene that allows real-time comparison of the functionality of different promoters by monitoring growth of Trichoderma transgenic lines and enzymatic activity of PTXD. Finally, we show that constitutive expression of ptxD provided T. atroviride a competitive advantage to outgrow bacterial contaminants when supplied with phosphite as a sole source of phosphorus. ConclusionsA new constitutive promoter, ccg6, for expression of homologous and heterologous proteins has been 3 identified and tested in T. atroviride by expressing PTXD, which resulted in an effective and visible phenotype to evaluate transcriptional activity of sequence promoters. Use of PTXD as a growth marker holds great potential for assessing activity of other promoters and for biotechnological applications as a contamination control system. BackgroundTrichoderma is a fungal genus with high level of genetic diversity and great adaptability to different environmental conditions. These characteristics, together with factors such as their high capacity to produce and secrete proteins and bioactive compounds, as well as the availability of protocols and molecular tools for their genetic manipulation, have posed Trichoderma as a model organism to study fungal biology and to develop biotechnological applications for different industries [1].Some examples of the industrial applications of Tric...

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Applications of Microbial Enzymes in Food Industry

Cited by 551 publications

References 118 publications

An Animal Study to Compare Hepatoprotective Effects Between Fermented Rice Bran and Fermented Rice Germ and Soybean in a Sprague-Dawley Rat Model of Alcohol-Induced Hepatic Injury

An Animal Study to Compare Hepatoprotective Effects Between Fermented Rice Bran and Fermented Rice Germ and Soybean in a Sprague-Dawley Rat Model of Alcohol-Induced Hepatic Injury

Sequential bioprocessing of Ulva rigida to produce lignocellulolytic enzymes and to improve its nutritional value as aquaculture feed

Assessment of the ptxD gene as a growth and selective marker in Trichoderma atroviride using Pccg6, a novel constitutive promoter

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