Applications of Microwave Energy in Organic Chemistry. A Review

Abramovitch, R. A.

doi:10.1080/00304949109458244

Cited by 410 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 49 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The F-18 labeled p-MPPF (2) was synthesized by the conventional nucleophilic substitution of the corresponding nitro precursor 1 with K[ 18 F] in 10% radiochemical yield without optimization. The yield probably can be improved by using microwaves (Abramovitch, 1991). In vivo studies in rats demonstrated that the initial uptake of 2 in rat brain was high, but that radioactivity declined rapidly.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

p-[18F]-MPPF: A potential radioligand for PET studies of 5-HT1A receptors in humans

Shiue

Mozley

et al. 1997

Synapse

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of this study was to develop a radiopharmaceutical that could be used to selectively image 5-HT1A receptors with positron emission tomography (PET). No-carrier-added 4-(2'-methoxyphenyl)-1-[2'-(N-2"-pyridinyl)-p-[18F] fluorobenzamido]ethylpiperazine (p-[18F]-MPPF, 2) was synthesized by the nucleophilic substitution of the corresponding nitro precursor 1 with K[18F]/Kryptofix 2.2.2. in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at 140 degrees C for 20 min followed by purification with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in 10% yield in a synthesis time of 90 min from end of bombardment (EOB). Specific activity was 1-4 Ci/microM. Biodistribution studies in rats showed that the initial uptake of 2 in the brain was high (0.7% dose/g tissue at 2 min). It was then rapidly eliminated. Rates of elimination were significantly slower in brain regions with high concentrations of 5-HT1A receptors (hippocampus, cortex, and hypothalamus) than in control regions. The maximum hippocampal/cerebellar ratio was 5.6:1 at 30 min postinjection. Uptake values in serotonergic, but not in control, regions were significantly reduced by prior treatment with either (+/-)-8-OH-DPAT (2 mg/kg, i.v., 5 min prior) or WAY 100635 (1 mg/kg, i.v., 5 min prior). Radioactivity in the femur did not increase with time, suggesting that in vivo defluorination may not be the major route of metabol sm. PET studies of 2 in a monkey demonstrated selective uptake and retention of 2 in the hippocampus. The hippocampal/cerebellar ratio was 3:1 at 30 min postinjection. The ratio was reduced to 1:1 by administering (+/-)-8-OH-DPAT (2 mg/kg, i.v.) 23 min postinjection of 2. Analyses of arterial plasma by HPLC revealed that 20% of radioactivity in the plasma remained as the parent compound 2 at 30 min postinjection. The results suggest that p-[18F]-MPPF may be a useful radioligand for studying cerebral 5-HT1A receptors in humans with PET techniques.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

p-[18F]-MPPF: A potential radioligand for PET studies of 5-HT1A receptors in humans

Shiue

Mozley

et al. 1997

Synapse

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Since then, the chemical applications have been extended to almost all areas of chemistry, and have consequently been the subject of a number of excellent reviews (Abramovitch, 1991;Mingos and Baghurst, 1991;Toma, 1993;Whittaker and Mingos, 1994). The advantages of microwave heating, such as selective direct heating of materials or a catalytic site, minimized fouling on hot surfaces, process simplicity, rapid startup, as well as the possibility of "dry"reactions and enhanced chemistry, demonstrate that many processes could be applied in the chemical and pharmaceutical industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Microwave heating of the continuous flow catalytic reactor in a nonuniform electric field

1997

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Estão descritos na literatura vários modelos de reatores de microondas 5,6 . Em um forno de microondas caseiro, as ondas são geradas em um magnetron (um aparelho a vácuo que converte energia elétrica alternada em microonda), guiadas para a cavidade do forno e refletidas para as paredes deste 7,8 . Assim, as substâncias que se encontram no interior do forno absorvem esta energia em diversos pontos e as transferem para o resto do corpo.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Vários trabalhos vêm sendo publicados sobre aplicações de energia de microondas em química 1,3,8 e na adaptação de fornos domésticos para este fim 2,9,10 . Todavia, recentemente, diversas reações orgânicas têm sido realizadas com segurança em fornos de microondas domésticos sem qualquer tipo de adaptação 11,12 , sendo, inclusive, uma tecnologia promissora em nível industrial 13 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Uma demonstração simples e visual do efeito do aquecimento com microondas em reações de poliadição

Sadicoff¹,

Amorim²,

Mattos

2000

Quím. Nova

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Applications of Microwave Energy in Organic Chemistry. A Review

Cited by 410 publications

References 49 publications

p-[18F]-MPPF: A potential radioligand for PET studies of 5-HT1A receptors in humans

p-[18F]-MPPF: A potential radioligand for PET studies of 5-HT1A receptors in humans

Microwave heating of the continuous flow catalytic reactor in a nonuniform electric field

Uma demonstração simples e visual do efeito do aquecimento com microondas em reações de poliadição

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About