Applications of Nanoparticles in Nanomedicine

Yohan, Darren; Chithrani, Devika B.

doi:10.1166/jbn.2014.2015

Cited by 96 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 209 publications

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“…3 designed, especially in the case of GNPs whose physical and chemical properties are easily modified. 21 34 35 The citrate reduction method of synthesis only requires varying concentrations of sodium citrate, which acts as a reducing and coating agent. Surface modification can be easily done with chemisorption, electrostatic attraction and displacement of surface bound ligands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surface modification can be easily done with chemisorption, electrostatic attraction and displacement of surface bound ligands. 21 However, like other inorganic NPs and unlike liposomes, GNPs require surface ligands to mediate cellular internalization, as inorganic NPs enter cells via receptor mediated endocytosis (RME). 1 2 As-made GNPs accomplish this through serum protein adsorption, which is minimized by PEG.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integration of Peptides for Enhanced Uptake of PEGylayed Gold Nanoparticles

Cruje¹,

Chithrani²

2015

j nanosci nanotechnol

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Polyethylene glycol (PEG) has promoted the prospective applications of nanoparticles (NPs) in cancer therapy. PEG is used to evade the immune system allowing NPs accumulation within the tumor using its leaky vasculature. However, the cellular uptake of PEG-coated (PEGylated) NPs is lower in comparison to non-PEGylated NPs since PEG minimizes surface binding of ligands that mediate NP endocytosis. For improved outcome in therapeutic applications, it is necessary to enhance the uptake of PEGylated NPs. We added a peptide containing an integrin binding domain known as the RGD sequence to the NP surface in addition to PEG. We used gold NPs (GNPs) of sizes 14, 50, and 70 nm in this study. Our in vitro data for HeLa cells show enhanced uptake for NPs coated with both PEG and the peptide in comparison to PEGylated GNPs. NPs of size 50 nm had the highest uptake among the three sizes for all GNP surfaces. A similar size-dependent trend was observed for MDA-MB-231 cells for as-made GNPs with lower uptake in comparison to HeLa cells. However, only 14 nm peptide-modified PEGylated NPs had enhanced uptake. Hence, NP uptake was found dependent on cell type and NP surface properties. A properly designed NP system with both PEG and cell membrane targeting peptides can be used to protect it from the immune system and promote internalization by cells upon entry into tumor environment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Peptides for Enhanced Uptake of PEGylayed Gold Nanoparticles

Cruje¹,

Chithrani²

2015

j nanosci nanotechnol

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“…The use of inorganic NPs is of interest as they are easily synthesized and designed, especially in the case of GNPs whose physical and chemical properties are easily modifiable [24,38,39]. For example, the citrate reduction method of synthesis more popularly known as the Turkevich method only requires varying concentrations of sodium citrate to vary GNP size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the citrate reduction method of synthesis more popularly known as the Turkevich method only requires varying concentrations of sodium citrate to vary GNP size. Surface modification may also be done with ease via electrostatic attraction, chemisorption, and displacement of surface bound ligands [24]. However, unlike liposomes and as with other inorganic NPs, GNPs need surface ligands for cellular internalization, since inorganic NPs enter cells by receptor mediated endocytosis (RME) [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polyethylene Glycol Density and Length Affects Nanoparticle Uptake by Cancer Cells

Cruje¹,

Chithrani²

2014

jnmr

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Dendritic Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for pH‐Stimuli‐Responsive Drug Delivery of TNF‐Alpha

Kienzle

Kurch

Schlöder

et al. 2017

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a pleiotropic immune stimulatory cytokine and natural endotoxin that can induce necrosis and regression in solid tumors. However, systemic administration of TNF-α is not feasible due to its short half-life and acute toxicity, preventing its widespread use in cancer treatment. Dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (DMSN) are used coated with a pH-responsive block copolymer gate system combining charged hyperbranched polyethylenimine and nonionic hydrophilic polyethylenglycol to encapsulate TNF-α and deliver it into various cancer cell lines and dendritic cells. Half-maximal effective concentration (EC ) for loaded TNF-α is reduced by more than two orders of magnitude. Particle stability and premature cargo release are assessed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. TNF-α-loaded particles are stable for up to 5 d in medium. Tumor cells are grown in vitro as 3D fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator spheroids that mimic in vivo tumor architecture and microenvironment, allowing real-time cell cycle imaging. DMSN penetrate these spheroids, release TNF-α from its pores, preferentially affect cells in S/G2/M phase, and induce cell death in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, DMSN encapsulation is demonstrated, which is a promising approach to enhance delivery and efficacy of antitumor drugs, while minimizing adverse side effects.

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Applications of Nanoparticles in Nanomedicine

Cited by 96 publications

References 209 publications

Integration of Peptides for Enhanced Uptake of PEGylayed Gold Nanoparticles

Integration of Peptides for Enhanced Uptake of PEGylayed Gold Nanoparticles

Polyethylene Glycol Density and Length Affects Nanoparticle Uptake by Cancer Cells

Dendritic Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for pH‐Stimuli‐Responsive Drug Delivery of TNF‐Alpha

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