Applications of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation for sport performance

Philpott, Jordan; Witard, Oliver C.; Galloway, Stuart D. R.

doi:10.1080/15438627.2018.1550401

Cited by 65 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…In the present study, we found this outcome with a shorter supplementation time (4 weeks). One explanation can be that our product was richer in DHA while the previous trial employed primarily EPA, which requires transformation to DHA by the enzyme omega-3 desaturase (which adds the additional double bond required to the C15) which showed variability in its conversion to DHA in previous clinical trials [48]. Previous studies found that DHA incorporation to other tissues is paralleled by incorporation of DHA to erythrocyte tissues [49,50], thus we assumed that the product employed effectively reached target tissues to exert antioxidant properties.…”

Section: Secondary Finding: Dha Is Incorporated To Erythrocytes Dose-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress in Endurance Cycling Is Reduced Dose-Dependently after One Month of Re-Esterified DHA Supplementation

et al. 2020

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Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation can reduce exercise-induced oxidative stress generated during long aerobic exercise, with the minimum dose yet to be elucidated for physically active subjects. In this study, we performed a dose finding with re-esterified DHA in triglyceride form in a randomized double-blind parallel trial at different doses (350, 1050, 1750, and 2450 mg a day) for 4 weeks in males engaged in regular cycling (n = 100, 7.6 ± 3.7 h/week). The endogenous antioxidant capacity of DHA was quantified as a reduction in the levels of the oxidative stress marker 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) recollected in 24-h urine samples after 90 min of constant load cycling before and after intervention. To ascertain incorporation of DHA, erythrocyte polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition was compared along groups. We found a dose-dependent antioxidant capacity of DHA from 1050 mg with a trend to neutralization for the highest dose of 2450 mg (placebo: n = 13, F = 0.041; 350 mg: n = 10, F = 0.268; 1050 mg: n = 11, F = 7.112; 1750 mg: n = 12, F = 9.681; 2450 mg: n = 10, F = 15.230). In the erythrocyte membrane, the re-esterified DHA increased DHA and omega-3 percentage and decreased omega 6 and the omega-6 to omega-3 ratio, while Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and PUFA remained unchanged. Supplementation of re-esterified DHA exerts a dose-dependent endogenous antioxidant property against moderate-intensity long-duration aerobic exercise in physically active subjects when provided at least 1050 mg a day for 4 weeks.

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Section: Secondary Finding: Dha Is Incorporated To Erythrocytes Dose-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress in Endurance Cycling Is Reduced Dose-Dependently after One Month of Re-Esterified DHA Supplementation

et al. 2020

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“…Furthermore, n-3 PUFAs can modify the membrane fluidity of proteins and lipids within the cell membrane, reducing oxygen consumption and thus improving endurance capacity (Philpott et al, 2019). Different studies on healthy animals (for example birds – semipalmated sandpipers Calidris pusilla or rats) showed that n-3 PUFA supplementation supports recovery of muscle damage caused by exercise and changes muscle lipid composition (Ayre and Hulbert, 1997; Ruf et al, 2006; Maillet and Weber, 2007; Nagahuedi et al, 2009).…”

Section: N-3 Pufas Enhance Endurance Capacity During Exercise In Animmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Physiological Effect of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (n-3 PUFAs) Intake and Exercise on Hemorheology, Microvascular Function, and Physical Performance in Health and Cardiovascular Diseases; Is There an Interaction of Exercise and Dietary n-3 PUFA Intake?

et al. 2019

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Physical activity has a beneficial effect on systemic hemodynamics, physical strength, and cardiac function in cardiovascular (CV) patients. Potential beneficial effects of dietary intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), such as α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid on hemorheology, vascular function, inflammation and potential to improve physical performance as well as other CV parameters are currently investigated. Recent meta-analysis suggests no effect of n-3 PUFA supplementation on CV function and outcomes of CV diseases. On the other hand, some studies support beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs dietary intake on CV and muscular system, as well as on immune responses in healthy and in CV patients. Furthermore, the interaction of exercise and dietary n-3 PUFA intake is understudied. Supplementation of n-3 PUFAs has been shown to have antithrombotic effects (by decreasing blood viscosity, decreasing coagulation factor and PAI-1 levels and platelet aggregation/reactivity, enhancing fibrinolysis, but without effects on erythrocyte deformability). They decrease inflammation by decreasing IL-6, MCP-1, TNFα and hsCRP levels, expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules and significantly affect blood composition of fatty acids. Treatment with n-3 PUFAs enhances brachial artery blood flow and conductance during exercise and enhances microvascular post-occlusive hyperemic response in healthy humans, however, the effects are unknown in cardiovascular patients. Supplementation of n-3 PUFAs may improve anaerobic endurance and may modulate oxygen consumption during intense exercise, may increase metabolic capacity, enhance endurance capacity delaying the onset of fatigue, and improving muscle hypertrophy and neuromuscular function in humans and animal models. In addition, n-3 PUFAs have anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects and may attenuate delayed-onset muscle soreness and muscle stiffness, and preserve joint mobility. On the other hand, effects of n-3 PUFAs were variably observed in men and women and they vary depending on dietary protocol, type of supplementation and type of sports activity undertaken, both in healthy and cardiovascular patients. In this review we will discuss the physiological effects of n-3 PUFA intake and exercise on hemorheology, microvascular function, immunomodulation and inflammation and physical performance in healthy persons and in cardiovascular diseases; elucidating if there is an interaction of exercise and diet.

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“…Linday et al (98) found that the simultaneous administration of cod liver oil (which contains EPA and vitamin A) and a multivitamin-mineral supplement to children led to a statistically significant (P<0.05) decrease in the mean number of URTI-related medical consultations over time. Overall, omega-3 fatty acids confer significant health benefits to patients with URTI complications and shorten the length of stay of acutely ill patients in hospital (99)(100)(101). Since omega-3 fatty acids have proven to be effective in reducing airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction, have also exhibited efficacy against viral infections (102,103), their potential for use against COVID-19 warrants further investigation (104)(105)(106).…”

Section: Amino Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutraceuticals and herbal extracts: A ray of hope for COVID‑19 and related infections (Review)

2020

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The global pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), for which there is no effective vaccine or treatment available yet, has led to a global health emergency. Despite a lack of clinical data, compelling evidence from the literature suggests that certain nutraceuticals (such as omega-3 fats, β-glucans, amino acids, probiotics, vitamins and minerals) and plant-based compounds derived from herbal extracts may potentially be used in the treatment of COVID-19. In the present review article, the benefits of such natural products in treating various respiratory complications are highlighted, and it is tentatively suggested that these benefits could be extrapolated to COVID-19. These natural compounds may not only modulate the immunity of a susceptible population, but may also pave the way towards the development of drugs which may be used to treat COVID-19. Although attention has recently focused on these compounds in this context, further clinical and experimental studies are required to validate their efficacy. It is thus suggested that the in vitro and in vivo evaluation of these compounds be carried out as soon as possible, in order to counteract the ongoing increase in the number of cases of COVID-19. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Therapeutic benefits of nutraceuticals for respiratory complications 3. Therapeutic benefits of herbal extracts for respiratory complications 4. Conclusion Prevention and treatment of COVID-19. As of August 5, 2020, no vaccine or successful treatment for COVID-19 has been reported and only supportive care, personal protection, early diagnosis and isolation are available to reduce the spread and severity of the infection (5). Huang et al (6) reported that patients with COVID-19 develop acute respiratory distress syndrome, followed by anemia, acute heart injuries and secondary infections. Empirical therapy with antibiotics (including cephalosporins, azithromycin, vancomycin, quinolones, tigecycline and carbapenems), antivirals (including lopinavir, ritonavir, remdesivir and oseltamivir) and corticosteroids (including dexamethasone and methylprednisolone) has thus been used for the treatment of patients with COVID-19 (7). The clinical efficacy of all of these treatments, however, warrants further confirmation. Potential agents with which to combat COVID-19. Research proposals and clinical trials have suggested that some treatments, including supplements and phytochemicals, have the potential to help fight coronavirus infection. A recent study suggested that the risk of becoming infected could be reduced by vitamin D3 supplementation. Serum concentrations >40-60 ng/ml (100-150 nmol/l) were suggested to be

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Applications of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation for sport performance

Cited by 65 publications

References 82 publications

Oxidative Stress in Endurance Cycling Is Reduced Dose-Dependently after One Month of Re-Esterified DHA Supplementation

Oxidative Stress in Endurance Cycling Is Reduced Dose-Dependently after One Month of Re-Esterified DHA Supplementation

The Physiological Effect of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (n-3 PUFAs) Intake and Exercise on Hemorheology, Microvascular Function, and Physical Performance in Health and Cardiovascular Diseases; Is There an Interaction of Exercise and Dietary n-3 PUFA Intake?

Nutraceuticals and herbal extracts: A ray of hope for COVID‑19 and related infections (Review)

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