Applications of Quantitative Microbial Source Tracking (QMST) and Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA)

Schijven, Jack; Husman, Ana Maria de Roda

doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-9386-1_24

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…In order to accurately assess the risk for direct utilization of TW, this study gained comprehensive insights into the pathogen communities of TW, and chose key pathogens and optimized the method for absolute quantification. Since PMA pretreatment can eliminate the disturbance of dead bacteria 23 , this study applied PMA-qPCR to determine the cell numbers of bacterial pathogens in the given volume of water to meet the requirements of QMRA 19 . Single-copy genes were chosen to avoid complex conversions and uneven amplification of multi-copy genes, which was often overlooked 29 , 30 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is crucial to obtain the cell numbers of live pathogens in given volume of TW for precisely assessing their health risk with quantitative microbial risk assessment 19 (QMRA), a method commonly employed in assessing health risk posed by waterborne pathogens 20 . Technically, quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has been widely applied to absolutely quantify pathogens in water 21 , 22 , but cannot identify live or dead bacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shift of human pathogen community composition and their potential human health risk after supply suspension in tap water

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Water supply suspension–restoration can occur frequently due to the overhauling of civil infrastructure in developing countries and the shutdown of commercial buildings during the pandemic. For comprehensive insights into the effects of water supply suspension–restoration, this study characterized the variations of the pathogen community composition of the tap water and their infection risk under different water supply scenarios. Metagenomic sequencing revealed a significant change of the human pathogen profiles, among which the most dominant pathogen changed from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.91%) to Acinetobacter johnsonii (0.59%). Furthermore, absolute quantification of pathogens by propidium-monoazide-qPCR revealed that the abundance of the three typical pathogens (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium avium and Salmonella sp.) showed an increase of 2.44 log to 3.60 log immediately after water supply suspension–restoration and did not return to the normal level even after 2-h supply restoration, except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Quantitative microbial risk assessment suggested the infection risks of the three pathogens arising from direct utilization of tap water under stable water supply, including dermal exposure and oral intake, were all above the threshold of 10−4, and evidently increased after water supply suspension–restoration. This study warns us against the risk induced by the pathogens in tap water, especially after water supply suspension–restoration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shift of human pathogen community composition and their potential human health risk after supply suspension in tap water

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…Microorganisms are discrete objects that cannot be measured precisely; therefore, microbial concentrations are measured by enumeration or detection of the objects in a fixed sample size prior to performing an experimental trial [14][15][16]. These approaches are broadly used in the food and health industry, and these estimates are mostly compared to determined concentrations or targets, which can decrease the accuracy of the data, detection, and enumeration of microorganisms [17,18]. Microbial data are analyzed and presented in a lognormal distribution to describe the variability of bacterial concentrations, which allows the data to be interpreted following a normal distribution [19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modernization Data Analysis and Visualization for Food Safety Research Outcomes

Vargas,

Bueno López,

Casas

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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Appropriate data collection and using reliable and accurate procedures are the first steps in conducting an experiment that will provide trustworthy outcomes. It is key to perform an assertive statistical analysis and data visualization for a correct interpretation and communication of results. A clear statistical summary and presentation of the data is critical for the reader to easily process and comprehend experimental results. Nowadays, there are a series of different tools to perform proper statistical analysis and create elaborate graphs that will help readers to understand the data, identify trends, detect outliers, evaluate statistical outputs, etc. However, researchers that are beginning to navigate experiments do not frequently encounter a guide that can provide basic principal concepts to begin their statistical analysis and data presentation. Therefore, the objective of this article is to provide a guide or manual to analyze and presents results focused on different types of common food safety experiments, including method comparisons, intervention studies, pathogen presence experiments, bio-mapping, statistical process control, and shelf life experiments. This review will provide information about data visualization options and statistical analysis approaches for different food safety experiments. In addition, basic concepts about descriptive statistics and possible solutions for issues related to microbiological measurements will be discussed.

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“…The reference pathogens used in the assessment have dose-response relationships and are representative of pathogens potentially of concern for exposure during recreation in a water body. Applying reference pathogens and QMRA with reference to MST results to calculate the potential human health risks from nonhuman sources has not been extensively studied [1,3,4,[9][10][11]. The USEPA has recently acknowledged the significance and applicability of QMRA to calculate the potential human health risks from nonhuman sources [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Health Risks Associated with Recreational Waters: Preliminary Approach of Integrating Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment with Microbial Source Tracking

Gitter

Mena

Wagner³

et al. 2020

Water

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Gastrointestinal (GI) illness risks associated with exposure to waters impacted by human and nonhuman fecal sources were estimated using quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA). Microbial source tracking (MST) results had identified Escherichia coli (E. coli) contributors to the waterbody as human and unidentified (10%), cattle and domestic animals (25%), and wildlife (65%) in a rural watershed. The illness risks associated with ingestion during recreation were calculated by assigning reference pathogens for each contributing source and using pathogen dose–response relationships. The risk of GI illness was calculated for a specific sampling site with a geometric mean of E. coli of 163 colony forming units (cfu) 100 mL−1, and the recreational standard of E. coli, 126 cfu 100 mL−1. While the most frequent sources of fecal indicator bacteria at the sampling site were nonhuman, the risk of illness from norovirus, the reference pathogen representing human waste, contributed the greatest risk to human health. This study serves as a preliminary review regarding the potential for incorporating results from library-dependent MST to inform a QMRA for recreational waters. The simulations indicated that identifying the sources contributing to the bacterial impairment is critical to estimate the human health risk associated with recreation in a waterbody.

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Applications of Quantitative Microbial Source Tracking (QMST) and Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA)

Cited by 7 publications

References 76 publications

Shift of human pathogen community composition and their potential human health risk after supply suspension in tap water

Shift of human pathogen community composition and their potential human health risk after supply suspension in tap water

Modernization Data Analysis and Visualization for Food Safety Research Outcomes

Human Health Risks Associated with Recreational Waters: Preliminary Approach of Integrating Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment with Microbial Source Tracking

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