Applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in drug and therapeutic delivery, and biotechnological advancements

Abstract

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have unique properties with regard to biological and medical applications. SPIONs have been used in clinical settings although their safety of use remains unclear due to the great differences in their structure and in intra- and inter-patient absorption and response. This review addresses potential applications of SPIONs in vitro (formulations), ex vivo (in biological cells and tissues) and in vivo (preclinical animal models), as well as potential biomedical applications in the context of drug targeting, disease treatment and therapeutic efficacy, and safety studies.

Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Essential Oils: A New Tool for Biological Applications

“…Other applications have been done for superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: hyperthermia for cancer therapy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic particle imaging, magnetic biosensor systems, separation immunoassays, parasite diagnostic assays, nanobridges substances for surgery and wound healing, modulation of the regenerative effects of mesenchymal stem cells [117], and cell labeling [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. However, geometric shapes and/or the size, surface coating, and charge of the magnetic nanoparticles have an important role in their efficacy [118].…”

“…There are diverse geometric forms of SPIONs depending on the synthesis: spherical, cubic, hexagonal, rod-like, octagonal, nanoworm, and octopod (star-shaped) SPIONs [118]. Nevertheless, 20 nm-size single-domain cubic iron oxide particles are better for hyperthermia applications than spherical particles; 30 nm-size octopod SPIONs are better than spherical ones for MRI; or even nanoworms are better for targeting tumors in in vitro assays and for accumulation in tumors (in vivo) than simple spherical SPIONs [116,119,120].…”

Taurine Grafted Micro-Implants Improved Functions without Direct Dependency between Interleukin-6 and the Bile Acid Lithocholic Acid in Plasma

“…Recent studies have explored the incorporation of human-endogenous bile acids for the delivery of either drugs or islets, for diabetes treatment [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. The idea was to investigate if human-produced bile acids—notionally known to assist in food digestion and absorption—can be used as stabilising excipients and cell-protective additives, in delivering therapeutics and treating diabetes.…”

Metabolic Conversion and Removal of Manganese Ferrite Nanoparticles in RAW264.7 Cells and Induced Alteration of Metal Transporter Gene Expression

“…Benefiting from exceptionally good biocompatibility, and conferring effective spin relaxivity to protons undergoing nuclear spin transitions, superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles (NPs) have aroused much attention and been studied intensively in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic particle imaging (MPI), magneto-motive ultrasound imaging (MMUS), magneto-photoacoustic imaging (MPA) and magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) community. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] In furtherance of these prospective objectives, some SPIO NPs based T 2 contrast agents (CAs) (eg, Feridex, Resovist, and Combidex) have been approved for clinical MRI. 9 In general, the performance of magnetic NPs in such biomedical application is closely relative with their magnetic properties.…”