Applications of synchrotron radiation micro-focus techniques to the study of polymer and biopolymer fibers

Riekel, Christian; Davies, Richard J.

doi:10.1016/j.cocis.2004.10.004

Cited by 53 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The ID13 beamline is characterized by a 18 mm period in-vacuum undulator optimized for 13 keV and the optical setup for a ͑sub͒micrometer beam ͑variable in a region from 0.5 to 5 m͒ is defined by a Kirkpatrick-Baez mirror. 17 The radiation wavelength was 0.9755 Å and a 16 bit readout MARCCD ͑Mar Inc., U.S.͒ detector with an x-ray converter screen of 130 mm diameter and 2048ϫ 2048 pixels with a pixel size of 64.45ϫ 64.45 m 2 was used for recording the diffraction patterns. For faster readout, data were recorded in binning mode with 512ϫ 512 pixels.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spiral twisting of fiber orientation inside bone lamellae

et al. 2006

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The secondary osteon — a fundamental building block in compact bone — is a multilayered cylindrical structure of mineralized collagen fibrils arranged around a blood vessel. Functionally, the osteon must be adapted to the in vivo mechanical stresses in bone at the level of its microstructure. However, questions remain about the precise mechanism by which this is achieved. By application of scanning x-ray diffraction with a micron-sized synchrotron beam, along with measurements of local mineral crystallographic axis direction, we reconstruct the three-dimensional orientation of the mineralized fibrils within a single osteon lamella (∼5 μm). We find that the mineralized collagen fibrils spiral around the central axis with varying degrees of tilt, which would — structurally — impart high extensibility to the osteon. As a consequence, strains inside the osteon would have to be taken up by means of shear between the fibrils.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spiral twisting of fiber orientation inside bone lamellae

et al. 2006

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“…48,49 Other possibilities to cope with radiation damage are very fast measurements, which have become feasible with new developments of pixel detectors 50 in combination with scanning. 11,13 Due to the diffusion of radicals ͑the mean diffusion distance in water is in the order of several m / s at room temperature 51 ͒, there are also limits to this. Staying ahead of radiation damage requires therefore essentially much faster scanning as compared to now, which is, in principle, feasible with increased flux density and faster detectors.…”

Section: Radiation Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…While in a typical laboratory setup, D cannot be made much smaller than about 100 m for primary intensity reasons, 9 synchrotron radiation allows readily to obtain beam sizes down to 10 m at bending magnet and wiggler sources 30,35,36 and down to 1 m at undulator sources at dedicated high energy x-ray facilities such as the ESRF. 11,13 Even though much smaller beam sizes have recently been demonstrated with hard x rays, [37][38][39] The SAXS/ WAXS area detector is placed in the y-z plane at a distance L behind the specimen. The scattered intensity in polar detector coordinates I͑r , ͒ is converted into reciprocal space units I͑q , ͒, where the length of the scattering vector q is given by q =4 sin / , with 2 = arctan͑r / L͒ being the scattering angle and the x-ray wavelength.…”

Section: A Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11-13 for reviews͒, and has applied them particularly to polymers and biopolymers. [13][14][15][16][17] User applications at the ID13 beamline include many fields of modern materials science covering among others metals, 18 carbon fibers, 19 synthetic polymers, [20][21][22] as well as biopolymers and biological tissues. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29] In the meanwhile, x-ray microbeams with high photon flux are available also at other sites, and dedicated instruments for scanning SAXS/WAXS have been built 30 or are in the construction phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From diffraction to imaging: New avenues in studying hierarchical biological tissues with x-ray microbeams (Review)

Paris

2008

Biointerphases

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Load bearing biological materials such as bone or arthropod cuticle have optimized mechanical properties which are due to their hierarchical structure ranging from the atomic/molecular level up to macroscopic length scales. Structural investigations of such materials require new experimental techniques with position resolution ideally covering several length scales. Beside light and electron microscopy, synchrotron radiation based x-ray imaging techniques offer excellent possibilities in this respect, ranging from full field imaging with absorption or phase contrast to x-ray microbeam scanning techniques. A particularly useful approach for the study of biological tissues is the combination x-ray microbeam scanning with nanostructural information obtained from x-ray scattering [small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and wide-angle x-ray scattering (WAXS)]. This combination allows constructing quantitative images of nanostructural parameters with micrometer scanning resolution, and hence, covers two length scales at once. The present article reviews recent scanning microbeam SAXS/WAXS work on bone and some other biological tissues with particular emphasis on the imaging capability of the method. The current status of instrumentation and experimental possibilities is also discussed, and a short outlook about actual and desirable future developments in the field is given.

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“…The single-fiber experiments have been carried out at the microfocus beamline ID13 at ESRF, Grenoble [31]. A 12.7 keV X-ray beam was focused with a pair of short focal length Kirkpatrick Baez (KB) mirrors [32] to a 7 μm spot at the sample.…”

Section: Experimental Scattering Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffraction from the β -sheet crystallites in spider silk

et al. 2008

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Abstract.We analyze the wide-angle X-ray scattering from oriented spider silk fibers in terms of a quantitative scattering model, including both structural and statistical parameters of the β-sheet crystallites of spider silk in the amorphous matrix. The model is based on kinematic scattering theory and allows for rather general correlations of the positional and orientational degrees of freedom, including the crystallite's size, composition and dimension of the unit cell. The model is evaluated numerically and compared to experimental scattering intensities allowing us to extract the geometric and statistical parameters. We show explicitly that for the experimentally found mosaicity (width of the orientational distribution) intercrystallite effects are negligible and the data can be analyzed in terms of single-crystallite scattering, as is usually assumed in the literature.PACS. 81.07.Bc Nanocrystalline materials -87.15.-v Biomolecules: structure and physical properties -61.05.cc Theories of X-ray diffraction and scattering

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Applications of synchrotron radiation micro-focus techniques to the study of polymer and biopolymer fibers

Cited by 53 publications

References 46 publications

Spiral twisting of fiber orientation inside bone lamellae

Spiral twisting of fiber orientation inside bone lamellae

From diffraction to imaging: New avenues in studying hierarchical biological tissues with x-ray microbeams (Review)

Diffraction from the β -sheet crystallites in spider silk

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