Applied Aspects of Azolla-Anabaena Symbiosis

Hove, Charles Van; Lejeune, André

doi:10.1007/0-306-48005-0_10

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Aquatic plants, such as the free-floating species duckweed and Azolla, have started attracting attention because of their unique features, which present the advantages of microalgae with easy and cheap harvesting technologies [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Azolla species grow in a symbiotic association with Nostoc ( Anabaena) azollae , a nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium that allows its host plant to grow rapidly in nitrogen-free solutions [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. The application of this species for wastewater treatment and the production of biomass for food/feed and as feedstock for bioenergy has been broadly investigated [ 9 , 13 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Production of Phenolics, Lipids, Carbohydrates and Proteins in Stressed and Unstressed Aquatic Plants, Azolla filiculoides and Azolla pinnata

Tran

Miranda

Abeynayake

et al. 2020

Biology

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The metabolic plasticity of shikimate and phenylpropanoid pathways redirects carbon flow to different sink products in order to protect sessile plants from environmental stresses. This study assessed the biochemical responses of two Azolla species, A. filiculoides and A. pinnata, to the combined effects of environmental and nutritional stresses experienced while growing outdoors under Australian summer conditions. These stresses triggered a more than 2-fold increase in the production of total phenols and their representatives, anthocyanins (up to 18-fold), flavonoids (up to 4.7-fold), and condensed tannins (up to 2.7-fold), which led to intense red coloration of the leaves. These changes were also associated with an increase in the concentration of carbohydrates and a decrease in concentrations of lipids and total proteins. Changes in lipid biosynthesis did not cause significant changes in concentrations of palmitoleic acid (C16:0), linolenic acid (C18:3), and linoleic acid (C18:2), the fatty acid signatures of Azolla species. However, a reduction in protein production triggered changes in biosynthesis of alanine, arginine, leucine, tyrosine, threonine, valine, and methionine amino acids. Stress-triggered changes in key nutritional components, phenolics, lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates could have a significant impact on the nutritional value of both Azolla species, which are widely used as a sustainable food supplement for livestock, poultry, and fish industries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Production of Phenolics, Lipids, Carbohydrates and Proteins in Stressed and Unstressed Aquatic Plants, Azolla filiculoides and Azolla pinnata

Tran

Miranda

Abeynayake

et al. 2020

Biology

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“…While species diversity was higher in episodes in the geologic past, 6 the genus Azolla today consists of seven species worldwide 7 that thrive in tropical to temperate regions of the world. [8][9][10] Azolla ferns exhibit high relative growth rates (RGRs) when grown individually on an open water surface, i.e. not competing for light.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growing Azolla to produce sustainable protein feed: the effect of differing species and CO₂ concentrations on biomass productivity and chemical composition

et al. 2018

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BACKGROUNDSince available arable land is limited and nitrogen fertilizers pollute the environment, cropping systems ought to be developed that do not rely on them. Here we investigate the rapidly growing, N2‐fixing Azolla/Nostoc symbiosis for its potential productivity and chemical composition to determine its potential as protein feed.RESULTSIn a small production system, cultures of Azolla pinnata and Azolla filiculoides were continuously harvested for over 100 days, yielding an average productivity of 90.0–97.2 kg dry weight (DW) ha−1 d−1. Under ambient CO2 levels, N2 fixation by the fern's cyanobacterial symbionts accounted for all nitrogen in the biomass. Proteins made up 176–208 g kg−1 DW (4.9 × total nitrogen), depending on species and CO2 treatment, and contained more essential amino acids than protein from soybean. Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations (800 ppm) significantly boosted biomass production by 36–47%, without decreasing protein content. Choice of species and CO2 concentrations further affected the biomass content of lipids (79–100 g kg−1 DW) and (poly)phenols (21–69 g kg−1 DW).CONCLUSIONSBy continuous harvesting, high protein yields can be obtained from Azolla cultures, without the need for nitrogen fertilization. High levels of (poly)phenols likely contribute to limitations in the inclusion rate of Azolla in animal diets and need further investigation. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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“…The symbiosis with the water fern Azolla is well studied, mainly due to the potential use of Azolla as a fertilizer in rice fields (Van Hove & Lejeune, 2002), and also for its unique perpetual nature (Lechno-Yossef & NierzwickiBauer, 2002). The Azolla cyanobionts, together with symbionts belonging to other bacterial phyla, are hosted within specialized cavities in the fern leaves (Lechno-Yossef & Nierzwicki-Bauer, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential patterns of evolution and distribution of the symbiotic behaviour in nostocacean cyanobacteria

Papaefthimiou

Hrouzek

Mugnai

et al. 2008

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLO

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Many cyanobacteria commonly identified as belonging to the genus Nostoc are well-known cyanobionts (symbionts) of a wide variety of plants and fungi. They form symbioses with bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms that are considerably different in the type of reciprocal interaction between the host and the cyanobiont. The phylogenetic and taxonomic relationships among cyanobionts isolated from different hosts and Nostoc strains isolated from free-living conditions are still not well understood. We compared phylogeny and morphology of symbiotic cyanobacteria originating from different host plants (genera Gunnera, Azolla, Cycas, Dioon, Encephalartos, Macrozamia and Anthoceros) with free-living Nostoc isolates originating from different habitats. After preliminary clustering with ARDRA (amplified rDNA restriction analysis), phylogeny was reconstructed on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and compared with morphological characterization, obtaining several supported clusters. Two main Nostoc clusters harboured almost all cyanobionts of Gunnera, Anthoceros and of several cycads, together with free-living strains of the species Nostoc muscorum, Nostoc calcicola, Nostoc edaphicum, Nostoc ellipsosporum and strains related to Nostoc commune. We suggest that the frequent occurrence of symbiotic strains within these clusters is explained by the intensive hormogonia production that was observed in many of the strains studied. However, no evidence for discrimination between symbiotic and free-living strains, either by molecular or morphological approaches, could be found. Sequences of Azolla cyanobiont filaments, taken directly from leaf cavities, clustered tightly with sequences from the planktic cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, from the benthic Anabaena cylindrica 133 and from Anabaena oscillarioides HINDAK 1984/43, with high bootstrap values. The phylogenetic analysis showed that two distinct patterns of evolution of symbiotic behaviour might exist for the nostocacean cyanobacteria, one leading to symbioses of Nostoc species with a wide variety of plants, the other leading to the association of a unique cyanobacterial type with the water fern Azolla.

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Applied Aspects of Azolla-Anabaena Symbiosis

Cited by 19 publications

References 61 publications

Differential Production of Phenolics, Lipids, Carbohydrates and Proteins in Stressed and Unstressed Aquatic Plants, Azolla filiculoides and Azolla pinnata

Differential Production of Phenolics, Lipids, Carbohydrates and Proteins in Stressed and Unstressed Aquatic Plants, Azolla filiculoides and Azolla pinnata

Growing Azolla to produce sustainable protein feed: the effect of differing species and CO₂ concentrations on biomass productivity and chemical composition

Differential patterns of evolution and distribution of the symbiotic behaviour in nostocacean cyanobacteria

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Applied Aspects of Azolla-Anabaena Symbiosis

Cited by 19 publications

References 61 publications

Differential Production of Phenolics, Lipids, Carbohydrates and Proteins in Stressed and Unstressed Aquatic Plants, Azolla filiculoides and Azolla pinnata

Differential Production of Phenolics, Lipids, Carbohydrates and Proteins in Stressed and Unstressed Aquatic Plants, Azolla filiculoides and Azolla pinnata

Growing Azolla to produce sustainable protein feed: the effect of differing species and CO2 concentrations on biomass productivity and chemical composition

Differential patterns of evolution and distribution of the symbiotic behaviour in nostocacean cyanobacteria

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Growing Azolla to produce sustainable protein feed: the effect of differing species and CO₂ concentrations on biomass productivity and chemical composition