Applied Attention Theory

Wickens, Christopher D.; Gutzwiller, Robert S.; McCarley, Jason S.

doi:10.1201/9781003081579

Cited by 32 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…Driving is a complex, multitask activity (Regan and Strayer 2014;Lee et al 2009) and different types of attention are required for the performance of activities critical for safe driving, depending on the moment-to-moment requirements of driving. These may include focussed attention, selective attention, divided attention, sustained attention, and switched attention (Wickens and McCarley 2008). Driving, and specifically activities critical for safe driving, also require for their performance the execution of a range of psychological processes that span all stages of the human information processing chain (Michon 1985): detection, perception, short-and longterm memory, decision-making, and responding.…”

Section: Interferencementioning

confidence: 99%

Driver Distraction: Mechanisms, Evidence, Prevention, and Mitigation

Regan

Oviedo-Trespalacios

2022

The Vision Zero Handbook

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In this chapter, the reader is introduced to the topic of driver distraction: its definition and mechanisms; its impact on driving performance and safety; approaches to preventing it; evidence-based injury prevention and mitigation countermeasures; and new frames of reference for conceptualizing distraction as traditional driving functions and tasks become increasingly automated. Some strategies that might be considered by societal stakeholders in setting a coordinated agenda for the management of distracted driving going into the future are also presented. Until all vehicles can safely drive themselves, in all conditions, all of the time, it is unlikely that, for driver distraction, Vision Zero will be achieved. In the meantime, however, there is much that can be done to slow its spread and mitigate it effects.

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Section: Interferencementioning

confidence: 99%

Driver Distraction: Mechanisms, Evidence, Prevention, and Mitigation

Regan

Oviedo-Trespalacios

2022

The Vision Zero Handbook

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“…In order to make sure that the usual order of attention scanning is interrupted so that the new and important information is processed instantly (cf. Wickens and McCarley, 2008) the use of a cue may have to be considered in order to direct the attention of the pilots to the respective screen in a manner that is as little disruptive as necessary. For instance, depending on what works best in a busy and noisy cockpit environment either a visual or audible cue needs to be taken into account when designing the ASR-MT communication system (cf.…”

Section: Human Factors Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, depending on what works best in a busy and noisy cockpit environment either a visual or audible cue needs to be taken into account when designing the ASR-MT communication system (cf. Wickens and McCarley, 2008).…”

Section: Human Factors Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aviation Safety: An Initial Exploration of the Feasibility of Using Language Engineering Technologies for Reducing Pilot-Air Traffic Control Miscommunications

a¹,

b²

2021

Advances in Human Aspects of Transportation: Part I

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This paper describes some initial investigations into the possibilities of using state-of-the-art language engineering technologies to minimise miscommunications between pilots and controllers. Despite considerable efforts to remedy this situation by providing solutions that focus almost exclusively on new proposals for making air traffic control (ATC) messages clearer and easier to understand and on better ATC communication training strategies, communication issues persist. In order to demonstrate this, we discuss an aircraft accident and incident in which communication problems between pilots and ATC have been identified as contributory factors. The types of miscommunication are described in their situational and operational contexts. It is then argued that employing automatic speech recognition (ASR), machine translation (MT) and terminology extraction (TE) technologies would have the potential to reduce such miscommunications and hence might have contributed to preventing the accident and incident. This paper presents a snapshot of our initial work as well as thoughts on its future development, including a description of how an ASR-MT-TE communication system as an addition to voice and data link communications might be designed and implemented into flight decks and ATC workstations and how this system may impact on mental workload, situation awareness, and attention allocation of pilots and controllers.

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“…Information access cost (IAC) refers to the cost (commonly physical or mental effort) associated with retrieving information from a source or area of interest (Wickens and McCarley 2008). Physical IAC is expected to increase with distance between areas of interest in the visual field (e.g.…”

Section: Information Access Costmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…looking up (an angular distance < 90 ) would elicit a lower cost than looking behind (an angular distance approaching 180 )). Areas of interest can be as specific as a particular instrument, or as broad as an entire display (Wickens and McCarley 2008). Users tend to make fewer information seeking actions as access cost increases (Fu and Gray 2006).…”

Section: Information Access Costmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mirror in the sky: assessment of an augmented reality method for depicting navigational information

et al. 2020

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We investigated the efficacy of a novel augmented reality (AR) navigation display called Mirror in the Sky (MitS). AR displays can reduce the distance between virtual imagery content and the user's view of the environment but may have limited benefit for depicting map-based survey information. MitS presents a simulated mirror in the upper visual field, which reflects the topographic layout of the terrain in front of the user. In our experiment, 28 participants used MitS and a track-up Map in virtual reality to perform a route confirmation task, which required participants to decide whether a route could be successfully navigated. A post-trial threat location recall task examined spatial awareness. On that task, accuracy, duration, and subjective workload measures favoured the Map. However, participants with virtual reality experience made more accurate route confirmation decisions with MitS than the Map.

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Applied Attention Theory

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

Driver Distraction: Mechanisms, Evidence, Prevention, and Mitigation

Driver Distraction: Mechanisms, Evidence, Prevention, and Mitigation

Aviation Safety: An Initial Exploration of the Feasibility of Using Language Engineering Technologies for Reducing Pilot-Air Traffic Control Miscommunications

A mirror in the sky: assessment of an augmented reality method for depicting navigational information

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