Applied behavior analysis, social validation, and the psychopharmacology of mental retardation

Poling, Alan; Ehrhardt, Kristal E.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2779(1999)5:4<342::aid-mrdd12>3.0.co;2-7

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Scotti and colleagues (1996) described an integrated diagnostic system using functional analysis to augment the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) classification system, theoretically providing clinicians with a seamless process of classification and support development. Additional research is needed to identify the most efficacious means of integrating ABA within a multidisciplinary approach to mental disorders (Hemmings, 2007), but years of research support the amalgamation of ABA with other evidence-based practices (Poling & Ehrhardt, 1999;Scotti et al, 1996).…”

Section: Integration Of Aba Into a Multidisciplinary Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Behavior analytic methodology can be an invaluable tool for multidisciplinary practice above and beyond its ability to reveal environment-behavior relation. Operational definitions, repeated measures, and within-subject designs can be used to evaluate subtle effects of pharmacological interventions on individual clients, such as dose-response relations and drug-behavior interactions (Poling & Ehrhardt, 1999). This methodology can also be utilized to examine behavior that originates from medical conditions but persists as a result of social contingencies (e.g., symptoms and complaints about an illness that continue because of attention from family members).…”

Section: Evolution Of Mental Health Treatment and Behavior Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of applied behavior analysis to mental health issues.

Harvey¹,

Luiselli²,

Wong³

2009

Psychological Services

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The theoretical and conceptual basis for behavior analysis emerged from the fields of experimental psychology, physiology, and philosophy, effectively melding theory with scientific rigor. Behavior analysis has since expanded from controlled laboratories into applied settings, including hospitals, clinics, schools, family homes, and communities. Much of the early research in applied behavior analysis (ABA) included participants with mental health disorders and developmental disabilities. ABA research for persons with developmental disabilities is vibrant and expansive; however, there is a paucity of recent research in behavior analytic assessment and treatment for persons with mental health diagnoses. This article describes how ABA technology can advance mental health services for children and adults utilizing a multidisciplinary approach to link professionals from psychology, psychiatry, and other associated disciplines to optimize patient outcomes. Discussion focuses on historic applications of behavior analysis, opportunities, and barriers in the mental health field, and ways in which ABA can contribute to a multidisciplinary treatment approach.

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Section: Integration Of Aba Into a Multidisciplinary Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evolution Of Mental Health Treatment and Behavior Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of applied behavior analysis to mental health issues.

Harvey¹,

Luiselli²,

Wong³

2009

Psychological Services

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“…Trends in the use of social validity indexes have indicated a consistent decrease in the use of social validity measures (Carr, Austin, Britton, Kellum, & Bailey, 1999;Dunlap, Clarke, & Streiner, 1999;Kennedy, 1992;Poling & Ehrhardt, 2000), which may suggest that current measures are insensitive to "ecological" variables and hence are viewed as having limited utility and use for improving interventions. One way in which the sensitivity of a measure to changes in behavior can be viewed is the measure's relation to the contingencies acting on behavior.…”

Section: Vanderbilt Universitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The content of assessment refers to the type of information collected. Currently, questionnaires, structured and unstructured interviews, and direct observations are the primary sources of information (Poling & Ehrhardt, 2000). One tactic that might be particularly advantageous to the assessment of the source of social validity concerns could be the combined use of questionnaires and open-ended interviews to determine potential problems.…”

Section: Content Of Assessment This Procedural Dimension Follows Closelymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Maintenance of Behavior Change as an Indicator of Social Validity

Kennedy

2002

Behav Modif

106

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This article reviews research pertaining to use of social validity and presents a rationale for expanding the conceptualization and use of this construct. It is proposed that the degree to which obtained treatment gains maintain across time within natural contexts be considered as a primary indicator of social validity. Traditional forms of social validation--subjective evaluation and normative comparison--are presented as measures that, when used within the framework of maintaining behavior change, form an iterative and heuristic process in which behavior change goals, procedures, and outcomes are altered to increase and/or sustain their social value. Procedural guidelines for research using maintenance as the benchmark of social validity are discussed.

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“…Second, the research methods characteristic of ABA, including the use of small-N, within-subject designs and direct, repeated measures of target behaviors, functional assessment of target behaviors, and social validation are of clear value in clinical psychopharmacology (for reviews see Poling, Ehrhardt, Wood, & Bowerman, 2010;Poling et al, 2017;van Haaren & Weeden, 2013), although they are not generally accepted by the FDA or the medical profession. Third, the strategies that applied behavior analysts use in the everyday evaluation of their interventions (which are similar to those used in their research, albeit less rigorous) are often appropriate for the everyday evaluation of psychotropic medications (Poling & Ehrhardt, 1999;Poling et al, 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

Board Certified Behavior Analysts and Psychotropic Medications: Slipshod Training, Inconsistent Involvement, and Reason for Hope

Poling

2018

Behav Analysis Practice

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People with autism spectrum disorder often receive psychotropic medications and two drugs, risperidone and aripiprazole, are approved for treating "irritability" in this population. A number of authors have suggested that behavior analysts can contribute to the prudent use of such drugs, but little is known regarding Board Certified Behavior Analysts' involvement in practices relevant to the use of psychotropic drugs. We e-mailed Board Certified Behavior Analysts an anonymous web-based survey regarding such practices. A majority of respondents work with individuals with autism spectrum disorder who take at least one psychotropic medication but respondents' training relevant to psychotropic medications is inconsistent. Many report that their training is inadequate, they do not regularly work as part of interdisciplinary teams concerned with medication, and behavior-analytic interventions are not typically evaluated before drugs are prescribed. Nonetheless, the majority of respondents reported that medications sometimes produce beneficial effects. Those involved in training behavior analysts should consider the competencies needed for graduates to work effectively as members of teams concerned with the optimal use of medications and how to foster and assess those competencies. Behavior analysts should also work to develop and implement strategies that foster collaboration with psychiatrists and other physicians. • Psychotropic drugs are often prescribed for people with autism, and both risperidone and aripiprazole are approved for reducing "irritability," which comprises self-injury, aggression, tantrums, and other challenging responses. • Respondents are not consistently involved in monitoring the effects of psychotropic drugs, which are often administered prior to evaluating an alternative, less restrictive, intervention. • Respondents are not trained consistently with respect to matters relevant to psychotropic drugs, and many apparently are not trained adequately. • People involved in training behavior analysts should consider the competencies needed for graduates to work effectively as members of teams concerned with the optimal use of medications and how to foster and assess those competencies. • Behavior analysts should also work to develop and implement strategies that foster collaboration with psychiatrists and other physicians.

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Applied behavior analysis, social validation, and the psychopharmacology of mental retardation

Cited by 17 publications

References 28 publications

Application of applied behavior analysis to mental health issues.

Application of applied behavior analysis to mental health issues.

The Maintenance of Behavior Change as an Indicator of Social Validity

Board Certified Behavior Analysts and Psychotropic Medications: Slipshod Training, Inconsistent Involvement, and Reason for Hope

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