Applied relaxation vs progressive relaxation in the treatment of panic disorder

Öst, Lars‐Göran

doi:10.1016/0005-7967(88)90029-0

Cited by 149 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…A clinical study involving patients with cancer found that this relaxation technique was as effective as Alprazolam (a benzodiazepine) at significantly reducing symptoms of anxiety [41]. Progressive muscle relaxation has also been found to be an effective treatment for individuals with panic disorder [42], and is often used in conjunction with cognitive behavioural therapy to treat other anxiety disorders as well, such as specific phobias or obsessive-compulsive disorder [40].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Both Physical Exercise and Progressive Muscle Relaxation Reduce the Facing-the-Viewer Bias in Biological Motion Perception

Heenan

Troje

2014

PLoS ONE

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Biological motion stimuli, such as orthographically projected stick figure walkers, are ambiguous about their orientation in depth. The projection of a stick figure walker oriented towards the viewer, therefore, is the same as its projection when oriented away. Even though such figures are depth-ambiguous, however, observers tend to interpret them as facing towards them more often than facing away. Some have speculated that this facing-the-viewer bias may exist for sociobiological reasons: Mistaking another human as retreating when they are actually approaching could have more severe consequences than the opposite error. Implied in this hypothesis is that the facing-towards percept of biological motion stimuli is potentially more threatening. Measures of anxiety and the facing-the-viewer bias should therefore be related, as researchers have consistently found that anxious individuals display an attentional bias towards more threatening stimuli. The goal of this study was to assess whether physical exercise (Experiment 1) or an anxiety induction/reduction task (Experiment 2) would significantly affect facing-the-viewer biases. We hypothesized that both physical exercise and progressive muscle relaxation would decrease facing-the-viewer biases for full stick figure walkers, but not for bottom- or top-half-only human stimuli, as these carry less sociobiological relevance. On the other hand, we expected that the anxiety induction task (Experiment 2) would increase facing-the-viewer biases for full stick figure walkers only. In both experiments, participants completed anxiety questionnaires, exercised on a treadmill (Experiment 1) or performed an anxiety induction/reduction task (Experiment 2), and then immediately completed a perceptual task that allowed us to assess their facing-the-viewer bias. As hypothesized, we found that physical exercise and progressive muscle relaxation reduced facing-the-viewer biases for full stick figure walkers only. Our results provide further support that the facing-the-viewer bias for biological motion stimuli is related to the sociobiological relevance of such stimuli.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Both Physical Exercise and Progressive Muscle Relaxation Reduce the Facing-the-Viewer Bias in Biological Motion Perception

Heenan

Troje

2014

PLoS ONE

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“…It has been demonstrated that individuals who practice PMR develop increased control of skeletal muscles, including a reduction in muscle tension during stressful events (Borkovec & Sides, 1979;Lehrer, Woolfolk, Rooney, McCann, & Carrington, 1983;O'Bannon, Richard, & Runcie, 1987). Daily PMR has been shown to be a benefit in treating anxiety disorders and improving well-being (Borkovec & Sides, 1979;Conrad & Roth, 2007;Dehghan-Nayeri & Adib-Hajbaghery, 2011;O'Bannon, Richard, & Runcie, 1987;Öst, 1987, 1988a). …”

Section: Progressive Muscle Relaxationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treating the Initial Physical Reflex of Misophonia With the Neural Repatterning Technique: A Counterconditioning Procedure

Dozier¹

2015

Psychol. Thought

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Misophonia is a condition in which a person has an acute emotional response of anger or disgust to a commonly occurring innocuous auditory or visual stimulus referred to as a trigger. This case details the effective treatment of misophonia in a young woman that included a counterconditioning treatment called the Neural Repatterning Technique (NRT), which combines a continuous positive stimulus and a reduced intensity, intermittent trigger. The treatment was delivered via the Misophonia Trigger Tamer smartphone app and all treatments were conducted independently by the patient. In this patient, the trigger elicited a physical reflex of contraction of the flexor digitorum profundus, which caused her to clench her fist. To enhance the effect of the NRT treatment, Progressive Muscle Relaxation was incorporated to increase her ability to deliberately relax the affected muscle during treatment. During NRT treatment sessions, the patient experienced a weak physical reflex to the reduced trigger stimulus but no emotional response. Her emotional response of misophonia was not treated, but when the physical reflex extinguished, the emotional response also extinguished. This case indicates that the misophonic response includes a Pavlovian-conditioned physical reflex. It is proposed that the trigger elicited the physical reflex and the physical reflex then elicited the conditioned emotional response that is characteristic of misophonia. Because of the conditioned reflex nature of misophonia, it is proposed that a more appropriate name for this disorder would be Conditioned Aversive Reflex Disorder.

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“…Barlow et al, 1992;Bornstein, 1975;Bouton et al, 2001;Forsyth, 2000;Forsyth & Eifert, 1996a;Öst, 1987, 1988Peterson, 1995;Zettle, 2003) encontra-se a recomendação de uma intervenção que vise principalmente a modificação das alterações fisiológicas. Segundo Öst (1987), "uma boa maneira de interromper esse desenvolvimento é focalizar as reações fisiológicas e aprender a não responder tão fortemente" (p. 398).…”

Section: Implicações Para a Terapia Verbalunclassified

O conceito de ansiedade na análise do comportamento

Coêlho

Tourinho

2008

Psicol. Reflex. Crit.

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ResumoO conceito de ansiedade tem sido empregado na Análise do Comportamento sob controle de diferentes eventos ou relações. Neste artigo, oferecemos uma revisão dos modos como a análise do comportamento tem concebido teórica e conceitualmente o fenômeno da ansiedade e das relações que são colocadas em destaque nessas elaborações. Iniciamos com uma descrição dos usos correntes do conceito de ansiedade, assinalando que variam quanto ao papel atribuído às alterações fisiológicas, à definição das relações respondentes e operantes, verbais e não verbais, e às implicações para a terapia verbal. Discutimos, em seguida, essas variações, salientando que representam visões complementares de um fenômeno complexo, em que eventos adquirem diferentes funções a partir de processos de condicionamento direto e indireto. Finalmente, caracterizamos alguns aspectos definidores da ansiedade à luz do enfoque analítico-comportamental e argumentamos que as elaborações revisadas sugerem que a ansiedade, como problema clínico, pode guardar relação com repertórios de autocontrole. Palavras-chave: Ansiedade; supressão condicionada; incontrolabilidade; autocontrole. AbstractThe concept of anxiety has been used in Behavior Analysis under the control of different events or relations. In this article, we offer a theoretical and conceptual review of behavior-analytic approaches for anxiety, and of the behavioral relations that are highlighted in the literature. We start with a description of the current usages of the concept of anxiety. We point out that such usages vary from the role assigned to physiological changes, to the definition of respondent and operant relations (verbal and non-verbal) and to the implications for verbal therapy. We, then, discuss such variations as complementary explanations for a complex phenomenon, in which events acquire several functions, through processes of direct and indirect conditioning. Finally, we summarize some defining characteristics of anxiety from a behavior-analytic standpoint, and we argue that, as a clinical disorder, anxiety may be related to self-control. Keywords: Anxiety; conditioned suppression; uncontrollability; self-control.Conceitos científicos podem ser entendidos como respostas verbais sob controle de estímulos mais ou menos bem definidos. Entender o significado de um conceito, portanto, implica buscar as contingências das quais a resposta verbal específica é função. O conceito psicológico de "ansiedade" tem sido apontado (e.g., Friman, Hayes & Wilson, 1998) como impreciso, no sentido de que é empregado em sistemas explicativos diversos sob controle de eventos diferentes. Segundo Friman, Hayes et al., essa imprecisão seria favorecida pelo constante uso de metáforas, o que acaba por dificultar a construção de definições consistentes dos fenômenos para os quais os cientistas se voltam. Mesmo em um sistema explicativo avesso ao uso de metáforas, porém, o problema da imprecisão aparece. Esse é o caso da Análise do Comportamento.Os usos do conceito de ansiedade na Análise do Comportamento tê...

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Applied relaxation vs progressive relaxation in the treatment of panic disorder

Cited by 149 publications

References 37 publications

Both Physical Exercise and Progressive Muscle Relaxation Reduce the Facing-the-Viewer Bias in Biological Motion Perception

Both Physical Exercise and Progressive Muscle Relaxation Reduce the Facing-the-Viewer Bias in Biological Motion Perception

Treating the Initial Physical Reflex of Misophonia With the Neural Repatterning Technique: A Counterconditioning Procedure

O conceito de ansiedade na análise do comportamento

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