Applied Strength of Materials

Mott, Robert L.; Untener, Joseph A.

doi:10.1201/9781003173205

Cited by 9 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…where Q is the flow rate (0.5 × 10 9 m 3 yr −1 or 15.9 m 3 s −1 ), L is pipe length (880 km or 880,000 m), C is the roughness factor, and D is the pipe diameter. We assume a smooth pipe with a roughness value C of 140 (Mott and Untener 2015). We generously assume a 3.0 m diameter pipe, which seems to be the practical limit of largediameter pipelines and a reasonable size for conveying the assumed flow without excessive head loss due to velocity (about 2.2 m s −1 for our assumptions).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…These assumptions result in a head loss of 795 m: We now calculate the total head required as the elevation difference, 1,280 m, plus the head loss of 795 m, to estimate the total head as 2,075 m. Figure 3 shows a hydraulic profile of these results. Next we estimate the power required to increase the head of water by 2,075 m. We use the equation for pump power P P (Mott and Untener 2015):…”

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confidence: 99%

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Estimated energy and emissions impacts of pumping Pacific Ocean water to Great Salt Lake

Sowby,

Williams,

South

2023

Environ. Res. Commun.

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Great Salt Lake in Utah, USA, has receded in recent years. Among many options proposed to augment inflows is a pipeline from the Pacific Ocean. We estimate a lower bound for the ongoing energy requirements, assuming one-third of the recommended additional inflow will be pumped through a single, smooth, large-diameter pipeline along a fictitious, shortest route without mountains, considering only elevation change and head loss. Pumping would require at least 400 megawatts of electricity during operation, an amount equivalent to a large power plant, or 11% of Utah’s annual electricity demand. Given current energy prices and fuel mixes, the electricity would cost over $300,000,000 annually and emit nearly 1,000,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide annually, equivalent to 200,000 passenger vehicles. The figures could easily triple with longer routes, mountainous terrain, higher flows, smaller diameters, multiple pipelines, less-efficient pumps, and any required treatment. Just this one early glimpse reveals serious challenges to the pipeline's completion. Our estimate may help select—or eliminate—alternatives for Great Salt Lake. Any alternative selected for further consideration would require a feasibility study with more details.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Estimated energy and emissions impacts of pumping Pacific Ocean water to Great Salt Lake

Sowby,

Williams,

South

2023

Environ. Res. Commun.

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“…3) What ASTM four point bending procedures were followed in this lab? 3 Problems inherent to the FPB experiment's historical data acquisition and analysis were minor but numerous. Examples include signal noise in the X-Y recorders, shifting of the graph paper between test runs, data distortion through photocopying, low resolution when reading data from the graph (from pen width and scaling), and the opportunity for human error in the reading and transcription of all data values.…”

Section: Historical Data Acquisition and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within the lecture setting, FPB theory is developed from free-body diagram through beam deflection. Theory is reinforced by analytical practice solving related homework problems [1][2][3] . The corresponding FPB laboratory has afforded students the opportunity to experimentally and analytically verify and validate beam flexure theory 3 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Four Point Bending: A New Look

Szaroletta¹,

Denton²

2002 Annual Conference Proceedings

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Four point bending (FPB) is a cornerstone element of the beam flexure portion of a sophomorelevel mechanics of materials course. The FPB lecture has traditionally developed the theory from free body diagram through beam deflection, with related homework problems providing analytical practice. Similarly, the FPB laboratory, which has been essentially unchanged for nearly two decades, has provided students an opportunity to experimentally and analytically verify and validate beam flexure theory. Although excellent correlation between theoretical and experimental results was frequently obtained, hardware requirements have limited the accuracy and amount of data that collected within a standard 110-minute laboratory session.Recent FPB laboratory upgrades utilizing data acquisition (DAQ) hardware and software have enabled the students to test a much larger sample of beams in roughly the same timeframe with increased repeatability. The DAQ upgrade has facilitated increased understanding of flexural theory, introduced modern experimental methods in both lecture and laboratory, given students a more robust data set upon which to base their analyses, and enhanced student experiences with technical report writing. This paper includes an overview of FPB theory, analysis techniques, and traditional laboratory procedures, and details the success of the FPB DAQ upgrade, operation, and outputs.

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