Applying Fitts’ Law to Gesture Based Computer Interactions

Burno, Rachael A.; Wu, Bing; Doherty, Rina; Colett, Hannah R.; Elnaggar, Rania

doi:10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.429

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…However, on average it took a longer time to accomplish one operation than using a mouse, which made it not much advantageous when doing low DOF tasks. This was also confirmed by Burno et al [134], who found that compared to mouse, gesture-based interaction was less efficient and with a higher error rate for 2D selection tasks. Therefore, according to these observations, mid-air interaction is more promising to be used for 3D…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Mid-air hand interaction with optical tracking for 3D modelling

Cui¹

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Compared to common 2D interaction done with mouse and other 2D-tracking devices, 3D hand tracking with low-cost optical cameras can provide more degrees of freedom, as well as natural gestures when shape modeling and assembling are done in virtual spaces. However, though quite precise, the optical tracking devices cannot avoid problems intrinsic to hand interaction, such as hand tremor and jump release, and they also introduce an additional problem of occlusion. This thesis investigates whether interaction during 3D modeling can be improved by using optical sensors so that 3D tasks can be performed in a way similar to interaction in real life and as efficient as when using common 2D-tracking based interaction while still minimizing the intrinsic problems of precise hand manipulations and optical problems. After surveying the relevant works and analyzing technical capabilities of the commonly available optical sensors, two approaches are thoroughly investigated for the natural mid-air hand interaction in precise 3D modeling-they are collision-based and gesture-based interaction. For collision-based methods, a set of virtual interaction techniques is proposed to realistically simulate real-life manipulation and deformation with one and two hands. For gesture-based interaction, a core set of interaction techniques is also devised which allows natural real-life interaction ways to be used. In addition, algorithms are proposed for both collision-based and gesture-based interaction to enhance the precision while minimizing the problems of hand tremor and jump release. However, the results show that virtual interaction designed with collision-based methods is always slower than real-First of all, I would like to thank my supervisor Associate Professor Alexei Sourin for his invaluable instructions and guidance. I am grateful to him for his help throughout my time as a research student at Nanyang Technological University. I also thank Professor Arjan Kuijper for giving me valuable advice and guiding my research at TU Darmstadt. It is credit to their efforts and ideas that my research has reached this point. I also wish to express my gratitude to the School of Computer Science and Engineering and Nanyang Technological University for providing me the opportunity and financial support to further my study and research. Special thanks go to the Joint PhD Degree Programme NTU-TU Darmstadt and Fraunhofer Singapore for supporting my project. I wish to thank my parents for their support. I would like to thank my wife Jin Luying for her selfless concern and encouragement. Praises and thanks to the God, the Almighty, for His showers of blessings throughout my research work to complete the research successfully.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Mid-air hand interaction with optical tracking for 3D modelling

Cui¹

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“…Besides the applied studies, there are studies which are conducted in a more generic context and usually focus more directly on the different devices, e.g., [ 169 , 257 , 258 ]. These studies are often based on predictive models [ 259 ] to compare the achieved performance of different devices.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Three-Dimensional Human-Computer Interaction with Focus on the Leap Motion Controller

Bachmann

Weichert

Rinkenauer

2018

Sensors

127

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Modern hardware and software development has led to an evolution of user interfaces from command-line to natural user interfaces for virtual immersive environments. Gestures imitating real-world interaction tasks increasingly replace classical two-dimensional interfaces based on Windows/Icons/Menus/Pointers (WIMP) or touch metaphors. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to survey the state-of-the-art Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) techniques with a focus on the special field of three-dimensional interaction. This includes an overview of currently available interaction devices, their applications of usage and underlying methods for gesture design and recognition. Focus is on interfaces based on the Leap Motion Controller (LMC) and corresponding methods of gesture design and recognition. Further, a review of evaluation methods for the proposed natural user interfaces is given.

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“…The movement time was used to calculate the throughput of each trial. The throughput represents a rate of information transmission of responses [57,62] and can be calculated using the following equation:…”

Section: Dependent Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Augmented Reality Interaction Techniques on Egocentric Distance Estimation Accuracy

2019

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Recent developments in virtual environment applications allow users to interact with three-dimensional (3D) objects in virtual environments. As interaction with 3D objects in virtual environments becomes more established, it is important to investigate user performance with such interaction techniques within a specific task. This study investigated two interaction modes, direct and indirect, depending on how the users interacted with the 3D objects, by measuring the accuracy of egocentric distance estimation in a stereoscopic environment. Fourteen participants were recruited to perform an acquisition task with both direct pointing and indirect cursor techniques at three egocentric distances and three task difficulty levels. The accuracy of the egocentric distance estimation, throughput, and task completion time were analyzed for each interaction technique. The indirect cursor technique was found to be more accurate than the direct pointing one. On the other hand, a higher throughput was observed with the direct pointing technique than with the indirect cursor technique. However, there were no significant differences in task completion time between the two interaction techniques. The results also showed accuracy to be higher at the greatest distance (150 cm from the participant) than at the closer distances of 90 cm and 120 cm. Furthermore, the difficulty of the task also significantly affected the accuracy, with accuracy lower in the highest difficulty condition than in the medium and low difficulty conditions. The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of user-interaction techniques in a stereoscopic environment. Furthermore, developers of virtual environments may refer to these findings in designing effective user interactions, especially those in which performance relies on accuracy.

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Applying Fitts’ Law to Gesture Based Computer Interactions

Cited by 31 publications

References 6 publications

Mid-air hand interaction with optical tracking for 3D modelling

Mid-air hand interaction with optical tracking for 3D modelling

Review of Three-Dimensional Human-Computer Interaction with Focus on the Leap Motion Controller

The Effects of Augmented Reality Interaction Techniques on Egocentric Distance Estimation Accuracy

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