“…International literature suggests that, in addition to the over-representation of semiurgent and nonurgent patients, patient flow through an ED is hindered by seven key factors (Crawford et al, 2014). These include delayed: laboratory diagnostics (Hayes, Reed, Fitzgerald, & Watt, 2014); diagnostic radiography (Tambimuttu, Hawley, & Marshall, 2002); patient consultations (Forero, McCarthy, & Hillman, 2011); patient treatment (Pines, Prabhu, Hilton, Hollander, & Datner E., 2010); patient transfer from the ED to a hospital ward (Wong, Wu, Caesar, Abrams, & Morra, 2010) or surgery (Qureshi et al, 2011); and patient discharge from the ED to the community (Handel et al, 2010). These factors, each of which is addressed in turn, collectively reaffirm the interconnectedness between an ED and ancillary departments and services-both within and beyond the hospital.…”