“…used variants on the Nelson-Siegel exponential components framework to model the yield curve; they showed that the three time-varying parameters may be interpreted as factors corresponding to the level, slope, and curvature respectively, and estimated autoregressive models for the factors to generate short-and long-term forecasts Demirel and Unal (2020). analysed 203 local bonds in the emerging markets of Indonesia, Brazil, India, South Africa, Mexico, and Turkey from a portfolio risk perspective; specifically, they estimated fractional models for risk evaluation.…”