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Guo, Shuying; Zhang, Ganzhou; Zhai, Run

doi:10.1126/science.327.5971.1326

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“…Except for the residual action of manure, artificial nitrogen alone can result in soil acidity, particularly in red soils (Demelash et al, 2014). For instance, Guo et al (2010) reported that the excessive application of ammonium‐ or urea‐based N fertilizers has already resulted in severe soil acidity in key Chinese croplands. Low soil pH has been shown to decrease soil potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium ions, microbial diversity, and crop development (Stevens et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal effects of climate and soil fertility‐mediated maize yield and its sustainability: A case study in subtropical China

et al. 2023

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The sustainability of food production systems requires accurate assessments of the combined impacts of climate change and soil fertility on crop yield. However, a knowledge gap remains regarding the interactions of climate and soil fertility for the determination of crop yield and sustainability. For this study, we investigated how climate and soil fertility affected maize yield and its sustainability over a 30‐year experiment on red soil. Seven fertilization treatments were selected (CK (no fertilizer), N (chemical nitrogen), NP (chemical nitrogen and phosphorus), NK (chemical nitrogen and potassium), NPK, M (pig manure), and NPKM (NPK and M)). The link between grain yield and the sustainability yield index (SYI) increased exponentially (p < 0.001). Manure (M and NPKM) improved the concentrations of soil nutrients considerably compared to chemical fertilizer treatments (N, NP, NK, and NPK). The explanatory rates of selected climatic and soil parameters for grain yield and its SYI varied from 56.6% to 66.9%. Soil available nutrients (AP and AK) and total nutrients (TN and TP) regulated grain yield and the SYI at low and high soil fertility, respectively. Redundancy analysis showed a negative correlation between temperature throughout the maize growing season, grain yield, and the SYI, excluding the NPKM treatment. Correlations between temperature, grain yield, and the SYI were reduced as soil fertility increased. Climate (44.0%) and nutrient inputs (40.2%) under chemical and manure fertilization contributed the most to the observed yield. Path analysis explained 68% and 77% of the variations in grain yield under chemical fertilizers and manure treatments, respectively. Additionally, the results suggested that as air temperatures are predicted to rise early maize should be planted earlier and late maize should be planted later to optimize grain yield. Together, this study emphasized that improving soil quality and adjusting planting schedules in agricultural management practices can attenuate the negative impact of climate warming on grain yield sustainable production in the global subtropical regions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal effects of climate and soil fertility‐mediated maize yield and its sustainability: A case study in subtropical China

et al. 2023

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A strategic plan for an Australian Long‐Term Environmental Monitoring Network

Likens

Lindenmayer

2010

Austral Ecology

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Because of the urgent need for robust, long‐term information on biodiversity loss and environmental change, we have proposed a Long‐Term (>10 years) Environmental Monitoring (LTEM) Network for Australia. The LTEM Network would comprise 25 Nodes distributed throughout Australia, be focused on terrestrial, inland aquatic and coastal estuarine ecosystems, and be established to monitor long‐term biodiversity loss and ecological change (patterns and trends). The LTEM Network would be question‐problem‐process‐driven and not infrastructure‐driven. Thus, the different Nodes in the LTEM Network would explicitly recognize different biota, different environmental problems, different environmental threats and different kinds of management interventions in different ecosystems. We provide a governance structure for the proposed LTEM Network and envisage that it would be characterized by being: (i) lean, yet powerful, agile and adaptive; (ii) both centralized (through a coordinating role by a Federal Government agency), yet decentralized in terms of where the Nodes are located and how they are operated and managed; and (iii) not overly bureaucratic. We also argue that it would be highly cost‐effective; our estimated cost for the establishment of an LTEM Network is $28 million per year or less than 0.25% of the total annual governmental expenditure of $12 billion on environmental management in 2003/2004. The LTEM Network would be a critical part of Australia's environmental infrastructure and provide the Nation, for the first time, with a formal, coordinated, long‐term Network to gauge status and change of biodiversity and environmental condition. We argue that this would allow the Nation to begin to address seriously many of the major data‐related deficiencies that currently exist in the environment and biodiversity conservation sectors in Australia.

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Temporal effects of climate and soil fertility‐mediated maize yield and its sustainability: A case study in subtropical China

Temporal effects of climate and soil fertility‐mediated maize yield and its sustainability: A case study in subtropical China

A strategic plan for an Australian Long‐Term Environmental Monitoring Network

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