“…Structural MRI biomarkers are the mainstay of AD imaging research as well as clinical diagnosis ( Sperling et al, 2011b , Tosun et al, 2016 ). MRI biomarkers include whole-brain ( Chen et al, 2007 , Frisoni et al, 2010 , Cuingnet et al, 2011 ), entorhinal cortex ( Cardenas et al, 2011 , Zhou et al, 2013 , Li et al, 2014 ), hippocampus ( Reiman et al, 1998 , Pardoe et al, 2009 , Shi et al, 2013a ; Li et al,2016 ; Saeed et al, 2018 , Dong et al, 2019 ), and temporal lobe volumes ( Hua et al, 2010 , Coupé et al, 2019 ), as well as ventricular expansion ( Jack et al, 2008 , Thompson et al, 2006 , Wang et al, 2011 ). Ventricular expansion reflects diffuse brain atrophy ( Madsen et al, 2013 , 2015).…”