Applying Trauma-Informed Practices to the Care of Refugee and Immigrant Youth: 10 Clinical Pearls

Miller, Katherine; Brown, Calla R.; Shramko, Maura; Svetaz, María Verónica

doi:10.3390/children6080094

Cited by 64 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…It was felt that CSOs, local NGOs and faith-based organisations provided an important role in assisting to instil hope among refugees. Psychologically being able to build trusting relationships following traumatic experiences with a trusted confidant, including friends and families, as well as individuals in organisations, is an important part of processing and healing traumatic experiences and building resilience in refugees [27]. Refugee survivor groups were formed in the refugee settlements by such organisations and were reported by refugees to be very helpful for connecting with others who had similar experiences, validation, psycho-education and sharing [28].…”

Section: Instil Hopementioning

confidence: 99%

South Sudanese Refugee Survivors of Sexual and Gender-Based Violence and Torture: Health and Justice Service Responses in Northern Uganda

Liebling

Barrett

Artz

2020

IJERPH

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This British Academy/Leverhulme-funded research investigated the health and justice service responses to the needs of South Sudanese refugees living in refugee settlements in Northern Uganda who had been subjected to sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) and torture. It involved the collection and thematic analysis of the narratives of 20 men and 41 women who were refugee survivors of SGBV and torture, including their experiences in South Sudan, their journeys to Uganda and experiences in refugee settlements, in particular their access to health and justice services. Thirty-seven key stakeholders including international, government, non-government organisations and civil society organisations were also interviewed regarding their experiences of providing health and justice services to refugees. All refugees had survived human rights abuses mainly carried out in South Sudan but some had also occurred on route to Uganda and within Uganda. Despite the significant impact of their experiences, the analysis indicated that there was limited service response in refugee settlements in Northern Uganda once the immediate humanitarian crisis ended. The thematic analysis indicated five main themes coming from the interviews. These included: the nature of refugee experiences of SGBV and torture, including domestic violence and child abduction and forced marriage; issues associated with service provision such as lack of adequate screening and under resourcing of health and justice services; a lack of gender sensitivity and specialist services, particularly for men; the sustained involvement of civil society organisations and local non-governmental organisations in providing counselling and offering emotional support and hope to survivors; and enhancing health and justice responses and services to improve refugee recovery, dignity and resilience. The authors recommend that integrated gendered and culturally sensitive service provision should be adopted, which brings together formal and informal health, justice services and survivor support programmes.

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Section: Instil Hopementioning

confidence: 99%

South Sudanese Refugee Survivors of Sexual and Gender-Based Violence and Torture: Health and Justice Service Responses in Northern Uganda

Liebling

Barrett

Artz

2020

IJERPH

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“…Self-report questionnaires may be subject to issues of over- and underreporting of symptoms; most research has found that self-report questionnaires overreport symptoms ( Charlson et al, 2019 ). It should be noted that possible indications for PTSD based on the UCLA PTSD RI may not accurately capture possible presence of a disorder given that youth rarely screen positive on this measure because the criteria have been derived from adult populations ( Copeland et al, 2007 ; Cohen et al, 2008 ; Miller et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A symptom is “present” if the symptom score is 3 or 4, with the exceptions of questions 4, 10, and 26, where a rating of 2 or more is indicative of symptom presence ( Steinberg et al, 2004 , 2013 ). The UCLA PTSD RI has been recommended for use with refugee populations, including those with non-Western backgrounds ( Miller et al, 2019 ), and has been found to be reliable ( Javanbakht et al, 2018 ). Cronbach’s alpha for the UCLA in this sample was.946, representing a high degree of internal consistency.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total score of 25 or higher is indicative of a possible anxiety disorder; subscales are then used to determine possible presence of panic disorder/significant somatic concerns (score of 7 or higher), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD; score of 9 or higher), separation anxiety (score of 5 or higher), social anxiety (score of 8 or higher), and significant school avoidance (score of 3 or higher) ( Birmaher et al, 1997 , 1999 ). The SCARED has been recommended for use with refugee populations, including those with non-Western backgrounds ( Miller et al, 2019 ), and has been shown to be valid and reliable in non-Western samples ( Su et al, 2008 ; Essau et al, 2013 ; Javanbakht et al, 2018 ). Cronbach’s alpha for the SCARED in this sample was.925, representing a high degree of internal consistency.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trauma-Related Psychopathology in Iraqi Refugee Youth Resettled in the United States, and Comparison With an Ethnically Similar Refugee Sample: A Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2021

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BackgroundConflict in Iraq has displaced millions of refugee youth. Warzone exposure and forced migration have unique acute and chronic impacts on youth, yet effects of exposure may not be universal across diverse refugee groups. Understanding how youth from various refugee groups are differentially affected by stress and trauma is critical to allocate resources and implement screening measures with the goal of providing early intervention.MethodTo identify the effects of warzone exposure and forced migration, a convenience sample of 48 Iraqi refugee youth ages 6–17 was assessed within the first month of arrival to the United States. Youth provided self-reported severity of posttraumatic stress and anxiety symptoms; symptom severity was then compared with an existing sample of 135 Syrian refugee youth to explore whether refugee youth of different nationalities experience the same effects of warzone exposure and forced migration. These data are the baseline for a longitudinal developmental study of refugee health, which also includes parental data.ResultsSeverity of separation anxiety and negative alterations in cognition and mood were the greatest symptomatic concerns in Iraqi refugee youth. Thirty-eight percent of responding Iraqi youth showed possible indication of an anxiety disorder. Severity of posttraumatic stress symptoms was lower in Iraqi youth compared to Syrian youth. For both Iraqi and Syrian refugee youth, separation anxiety was the most significant concern, with more than 80% of both samples showing a possible indication of clinically significant separation anxiety.ConclusionThe present observational study indicated that Iraqi refugee youth experience a range of anxiety and posttraumatic stress symptoms following warzone exposure and forced migration; posttraumatic stress symptoms were less severe in Iraqi versus Syrian youth. Comparing refugee youth of different nationalities is of particular importance, as our results demonstrate that findings from one refugee population cannot easily be generalized to another. Clinical and research efforts should prioritize interventions to address separation anxiety in refugee youth, which was of concern in both samples.

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“…A lack in the provision of linguistic support for asylum seekers has many negative consequences. In addition to misinformation and confusion, it can lead to a drop-out of the use of their services (Arias-Badia and Jiménez-Andrés, 2021), to an accentuation of their current vulnerabilities or to re-traumatisation (Gardiner and Walker, 2019;Miller et al, 2019).…”

Section: The Role Of Ngos and Translation And Interpreting In The Recmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refugee access to information in online and offline environments: results from focus group discussions

Jimenez-Andres

2021

FITISPos-IJ

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In today migration processes, Information Communication Technologies (ICT) are increasingly important for refugee experiences and mobilities (Gillespie, Osseiran and Cheesman, 2016). In this light, there is a call by institutions such as the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (2016a; 2020a) and researchers in the field of refugee integration (Abujarour et al, 2019) for initiatives employing ICT to cater for refugees need for information and communication. This article discusses some information seeking practices of asylum seekers and refugees, in online and offline environments. The data was gathered by means of nine focus group discussions with refugee communities in Greece, Italy, and Spain, involving a total of 41 participants of 13 different nationalities. Issues relating to the languages and the accessibility of the information that is available to them are discussed. The results of this research will inform the subsequent phases of REBUILD, a project funded by the European Comission whose aim is the creation of a user-centred ICT-tool to promote refugee and migrant integration in Europe.

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Applying Trauma-Informed Practices to the Care of Refugee and Immigrant Youth: 10 Clinical Pearls

Cited by 64 publications

References 46 publications

South Sudanese Refugee Survivors of Sexual and Gender-Based Violence and Torture: Health and Justice Service Responses in Northern Uganda

South Sudanese Refugee Survivors of Sexual and Gender-Based Violence and Torture: Health and Justice Service Responses in Northern Uganda

Trauma-Related Psychopathology in Iraqi Refugee Youth Resettled in the United States, and Comparison With an Ethnically Similar Refugee Sample: A Cross-Sectional Study

Refugee access to information in online and offline environments: results from focus group discussions

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