Applying X-Ray Geothermometer Diffraction to a Chlorite

Battaglia, Stefano

doi:10.1346/ccmn.1999.0470106

Cited by 64 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Using the measured d (001) values we can estimate the formation temperatures of chamosites based on the method proposed by Battaglia (1999): (1) Hayes, 1970;Curtis et aL, 1985). The field for berthierines, based on 102 published analyses, is also shown.…”

Section: Berthierinementioning

confidence: 99%

Authigenic Phyllosilicates in the Middle Triassic Kremikovtsi Sedimentary Exhalative Siderite Iron Formation, Western Balkan, Bulgaria

Damyanov

Vassileva

2001

Clays and clay miner.

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Abstract--Two distinct assemblages of authigenic phyllosilicates were distinguished in the K.remikovtsi sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) siderite iron formation (SIF) and noted as important tracers of two styles of mineralization characteristic of this type of ore deposit. Hydrothermal-sedimentary layer silicates are represented by rare occurrences of relict microcrystalline Mg-rich berthierine with a relatively low degree of structural ordering, associated closely with framboidal pyrite as an intergranular matrix cementing sparry siderite grains; the larger silicates are also represented by the diagenetic transformation product of berthierine, chamosite. Berthierine precipitated under anoxic conditions during advanced early diagenesis after chert deposition. Hydrothermal-epigenetic phyllosilicates (berthierine, chamosite, illite-smectite (I-S), and kaolinite) from the barite-sulfide assemblage are characterized by: crystalline and undeformed habits; relatively larger particle size, low-temperature polytypes, low to no mixed layering, and a high degree of crystallinity; absence of impurities and dominant monomineralic aggregates; affiliation to initial open spaces and deposition mainly as rug fillings and linings. They formed under pronounced control by the vuggy porosity of the siderite host caused by the invasion of acid (pH = 3-5), hot (200-230~ hydrothermal fluids probably at the stage of burial diagenesis of the SIF under relatively stable reducing conditions fluctuating near the sulfide/sulfate stability boundary (logPo2 ~ -30). The greater AI concentration in hydrothermal solution than in seawater determines the affiliation of phyllosilicates in the Phanerozoic SEDEX SIFs to aluminous species (berthierine, chamosite) unlike low to non aluminous ones (greenalite, stilpnomelane) in the Precambrian IFs. The berthierine compositions, expressed by the Mg/Fe vs. A1/Si ratios, are a sensitive indicator of the geological conditions under which they formed (maline, non-marine, hydrothermal ore and pre-ore), thus allowing the genetic discrimination of this mineral from various localities.

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Section: Berthierinementioning

confidence: 99%

Authigenic Phyllosilicates in the Middle Triassic Kremikovtsi Sedimentary Exhalative Siderite Iron Formation, Western Balkan, Bulgaria

Damyanov

Vassileva

2001

Clays and clay miner.

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“…Also, the types of chlorite can reflect the ambient temperatures qualitatively [28,48] . The quantitative relations between the value of interplanar spacing d 001 of chlorites and temperature has been studied by Battaglia [34] . These studies place a firm foundation for the application of chlorite geothermometry.…”

Section: Forming Temperature Of Chloritesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The complexity of chlorite's composition can record the information of the changes of the physical and chemical conditions during its formation processes [27][28][29][30][31] . Previous studies indicate that there is a certain linear relationship between the chemical components of chlorites and the temperatures of the geothermal system [32][33][34][35] . This relationship indicates geothermometic features that can be used to acquire the information of thermal evolution of the sedimentary basin.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of chlorite composition in the Paleogene prototype basin of Jiyang Depression, Shandong, China, and its implication for paleogeothermal gradient

Zhao

Chen

et al. 2007

SCI CHINA SER D

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The Dongying Basin, Huimin Basin, and Zhanhua Basin constitute the Jiyang Depression in Shandong Province. They are major oil and gas exploring districts within the depression. Through reconstructions of the paleotemperature of the three basins facilitated with the chlorite geothermometry, the thermal history of the Paleogene prototype basin in Jiyang Depression and its geologic significance were explored. This study reveals that the Si 4+ component in chlorites reduces gradually as its buried depth increases, while the Al IV component increases accordingly. The chlorite type changes from silicon-rich diabantite to silicon-poor ferroamesite and prochlorite. The prochlorite in this district only appears in the deep buried depth, high temperature, and relatively old stratigraphies; while the diabantite appears in the shallower buried, low temperature, and newly formed strata; the ferroamesite exists in the conditions between prochlorite and diabantite formation. The diagenetic temperatures of the chlorites in these Paleogene basins are 171-238℃ for the Dongying Basin, 160-202℃ for the Huimin Basin, and 135-180℃ for the Zhanhua Basin. The differences of the chlorite diagenetic temperatures in the three basins were controlled by the duration time of the structural depressing processes. Higher temperature indicates longer depression time. The relationship between the chlorite diagenetic temperature and its buried depth indicates that the average paleogeothermal gradient is about 38.3℃ /km in the Paleogene prototype basin of Jiyang Depression. It was higher than the present geothermal gradient (29-30℃/km). This phenomenon was attributed to the evolution of the structural dynamics in the depression basin.Paleogene, Jiyang depression, chlorite component, chlorite geothermometry, paleotemperature, paleogeothermal gradient Basin's thermal history is crucial for the reconstruction of basin's structural evolution history; for oil and gas-rich basin, the thermal history is proved to be useful to inferring how the hydrocarbon resource rocks produce hydrocarbon and how the oil and gas were transported and gathered. The reconstruction of a basin's thermal history is based on the application of different geothermometric methods [1] . At present, the most popular and effective geothermometric methods are vitrinite reflection ratio (R o ) and apatite fission trace (AFT). R o method has been widely used as a geological thermometer for a long time on studying the maturity of hydrocarbon resource rocks and the burying history and the thermal evolution [2][3][4][5][6][7] . Vitrinite is solid organic substances and coal layers that are distributed in sedimentary rocks. Its reflection ratio (VR o ) increases generally as its thermal evolution extents or its buried depth increase, while its resolution decreases as its coalification goes on [1] . Therefore, its application is restricted. The principle of AFT is that the fission trace of apatite retreats as its temperature rises. It is an ideal geological thermometer

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“…Chlorite group dis plays a wide range of chem i cal com po sition, which can vary de pend ing on the con di tions of for ma tion (e.g., Cathelineau and Nieva, 1985;Bailey, 1988;Cathelineau, 1988;Battaglia, 1999;Schmidt and Livi, 1999;Krzemiñski, 2000;Zimák, 1999;Vidal et al, 2005;Plissart and Féménias, 2009). A gen eral crystallochemical for mula of chlorite can be given as fol lows (de Caritat et al, 1993): where: u + y + z = 6, z = (y -w -x)/2, w fre quently reaches zero, R 2+ usu ally rep re sents Mg 2+ or Fe 2+ , R 3+ typ i cally rep re sents Al 3+ or Fe 3+ , and rep resents struc tural va can cies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, Parra et al (2005) ex per i men tally showed that the Si-con tent of chlorite is sen sitive to tem per a ture for the var i ous divariant as sem blages. Chlorite geothermometry has been mod i fied, as by Battaglia (1999), for ex am ple, who exploite X-ray dif frac tion pat terns in chlorite to this end, and by Inoue et al (2009). Given the useful ness of geothermometers in ge ol ogy, this ubiq ui tous min eral pro vides a sim ple and easy means of es tab lish ing con di tions of the host rock for ma tion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorite of hydrothermal origin formed in the Strzelin and Borów granites (Fore-Sudetic Block, Poland)

Ciesielczuk

2012

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Chlorite, a prod uct of very low-to low-grade meta mor phism, is fre quently used as a geothermometer be cause of the fact that its struc ture and chem i cal com po si tion can re flect the phys i cal and chem i cal con di tions of its for ma tion. In the hy dro ther mally al tered Strzelin and Borów gran ites (the Fore-Sudetic Block, Po land) chlorite is ubiq ui tous. It is found in two forms: spherulitic and post-bi o tite, and was formed in dif fer ent ways in dif fer ent parts of the Strzelin and Borów gran ites: as re sult of (1) re place ment of bi o tite or (2) crystallisation from fluid. The chlorite formed in the Borów gran ite shows a higher Fe con tent than that in the Strzelin gran ite, a fea ture re lated to the con tent of Mg and Fe in the host rock. Tem per a tures of chlorite for ma tion are the low est for un al tered gran ite and then grad u ally in crease for slightly, mod er ately and strongly al tered gran ite and are the high est in hy dro ther mal veins. This means that the tem per a ture of the hydro ther mal fluid was higher than that of the al tered gra nitic bod ies. More over, the spherulitic chlorite formed at a higher tem per a ture than did the post-bi o tite chlorite, and is usu ally smaller be cause bi o tite re place ment lasted lon ger than did the crystallisation of spherulitic chlorite di rectly from hy dro ther mal fluid. Such pat terns are likely to oc cur in other gra nitic bod ies.

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Applying X-Ray Geothermometer Diffraction to a Chlorite

Cited by 64 publications

References 29 publications

Authigenic Phyllosilicates in the Middle Triassic Kremikovtsi Sedimentary Exhalative Siderite Iron Formation, Western Balkan, Bulgaria

Authigenic Phyllosilicates in the Middle Triassic Kremikovtsi Sedimentary Exhalative Siderite Iron Formation, Western Balkan, Bulgaria

Evolution of chlorite composition in the Paleogene prototype basin of Jiyang Depression, Shandong, China, and its implication for paleogeothermal gradient

Chlorite of hydrothermal origin formed in the Strzelin and Borów granites (Fore-Sudetic Block, Poland)

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