Approach to probiotics in pediatrics: the role of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG

Abstract

Preterm birth, C-sections, antibiotics, and limited breastfeeding contribute to the increase in noncommunicable diseases. Our objective was to perform a descriptive review of probiotic use in pediatrics, focused on Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Certain probiotics have demonstrated to be effective in acute diarrhea and antibiotic-associated diarrhea. L. rhamnosus GG and Saccharomyces boulardii may shorten their duration and symptoms. L. reuteri DSM 17938 and L. rhamnosus GG were effective to manage infant colic. The use of this strain in infant formulas for cow's milk protein allergy may promote an earlier tolerance acquisition. In relation to the prevention of atopic dermatitis, the administration of L. rhamnosus GG during pregnancy reduced its development in the infant. The use of probiotics as adjuvants is a possibility to consider in current pediatric practice.

Limosilactobacillus reuteri FN041 prevents atopic dermatitis in pup mice by remodeling the ileal microbiota and regulating gene expression in Peyer’s patches after vertical transmission

“…Therefore, our next step will be to validate the effect of FN041 supplementation in newborn mice for AD prevention. Furthermore, LGG has been shown to regulate intestinal flora, improve immunity, and has a preventive effect on atopic dermatitis ( 44 , 45 ). DSM17938 and FN041 are both Limosilactobacillus reuteri isolated from breast milk.…”

Probiotics in the Treatment and Prevention of Allergic Diseases

“…Биологические механизмы, с помощью которых пробиотики оказывают благоприятное воздействие на организм человека, включают усиление барьерной функции, подавление патогенов и модуляцию иммунной системы [3,4]. Пробиотики конкурируют с патогенами или комменсалами за места связывания на муцинах или эпителиальных клетках и предотвращают разрастание потенциально патогенных микроорганизмов, занимая свободные функциональные ниши, модифицируют местную окружающую среду за счет производства короткоцепочечных жирных кислот, молочной кислоты, бактериоцинов, антимикробных пептидов, активных форм кислорода [5].…”

“…Механизмы действия пробиотиков включают стимуляцию выработки эпителиального муцина, повышение продукции секреторного IgA, уменьшение воспаления кишечника путем стимуляции противовоспалительных цитокинов [4,7]. Пробиотики могут ингибировать ответ по T-хелпер 2-го типа (Th2), особенно в раннем возрасте, одновременно стимулируя выработку цитокинов T-хелпер 1-го типа (Th1), таких как гамма-интерферон.…”

Potential Complementary Effect of Zinc and Alkalihalobacillus clausii on Gut Health and Immunity: A Narrative Review

“…Common probiotics belong to different genera, such as lactobacilli, Bifidobacterium , Bacillus , Pediococcus , and several yeasts, and they can be found mainly in dairy foods (e.g., yoghurt) [ 10 ]. Some probiotics are used in infant formula to prevent infant colic and promote early cow milk protein tolerance [ 11 ]. Strains of Alkalihalobacillus clausii ( A. clausii ), previously known as Bacillus clausii , are probiotics with antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties [ 12 , 13 ].…”