Approach to the Premature and Full‐Term Infant

Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Infants

“…9 It has been demonstrated that cyanotic patients with hematocrit greater than 50% have prolonged prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and decreased levels of fibrinogen, platelets, and factors V and VIII. 4 In addition, neonates and infants with congenital heart defects have low circulating levels of procoagulants and inhibitors. 9 Immature coagulation system, impaired hepatosynthesis, disproportionate contact to nonphysiologic surface of the CPB circuit, extensive surgery, and more profound hypothermia levels also impair hemostasis in neonates and infants.…”

Anesthetic management of a child with congenital heart disease and pulmonary artery banding for ophthalmic surgery

“…S ir —Pulmonary artery banding (PAB) is a palliative surgery before definitive correction of congenital heart disease (CHD) to protect the pulmonary vasculature from hypertrophy and irreversible pulmonary hypertension (1,2). However, it poses significant problems because of the resultant lowering of oxygen saturation and increased pulmonary arterial pressures (3,4).…”

“…PAB leads to the complications including right ventricular hypertrophy, subaortic stenosis and a functional followed by structural pulmonary stenosis (4). In this case, with increasing age, the room air saturation decreased, probably because of increasing pulmonary valvular and arterial stenosis with time.…”