Approaches for the Detection of <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Wastewater: A Short Review

Zulu, Nokwanda; Idris, Azeez O.; Orimolade, Benjamin O.; Nkambule, Thabo T.I.; Mamba, Bhekie B.; Feleni, Usisipho

doi:10.1002/slct.202200598

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Central to the culture-based techniques is the propagation of bacteria in a nutrient-rich environment to establish their presence and quantities. Essentially, a water sample is placed on a growth medium, creating conditions conducive for the bacteria to multiply over time, then these bacteria form colonies that can be counted and identified, aided by staining and microscopy (Zulu et al, 2023). Microbiology has progressed substantially with the evolution of culture media, with Pasteur's liquid medium in 1860 to Koch's solid medium using agar (Bonnet et al, 2020).…”

Section: Culture-based Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Waterborne pathogens detection technologies: advances, challenges, and future perspectives

Oon,

Ayaz

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that pathogens like Escherichia coli, primarily linked to food and water contamination, are associated with 485,000 deaths from diarrheal diseases annually, translating to a staggering worldwide economic loss of nearly 12 billion USD per annum. International organizations like the WHO and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) have established related guidelines and criteria for pathogenic detection technologies and driving the search for innovative and efficient detection methods. This comprehensive review examines the trajectory of waterborne pathogenic bacteria detection technologies from traditional techniques, i.e., culture-based methods, to current detection methods including various forms of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques [qualitative real-time PCR, digital PCR, ELISA, loop-mediated isothermal amplification, next-generation sequencing (NGS)] and to emerging techniques, i.e., biosensors and artificial intelligence (AI). The scope of the review paper focuses on waterborne pathogenic bacteria that are recognized as human pathogens, posing tangible threats to public health through waterborne. The detection techniques’ merits, constraints, research gaps and future perspectives are critically discussed. Advancements in digital droplet PCR, NGS and biosensors have significantly improved sensitivity and specificity, revolutionizing pathogen detection. Additionally, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with these technologies has enhanced detection accuracy, enabling real-time analysis of large datasets. Molecular-based methods and biosensors show promise for efficient water quality monitoring, especially in resource-constrained settings, but on-site practical implementation remains a challenge. The pairwise comparison metrics used in this review also offer valuable insights into quick evaluation on the advantages, limitations and research gaps of various techniques, focusing on their applicability in field settings and timely analyses. Future research efforts should focus on developing robust, cost-effective and user-friendly techniques for routine waterborne bacteria monitoring, ultimately safeguarding global water supplies and public health, with AI and data analysis playing a crucial role in advancing these methods for a safer environment.

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Section: Culture-based Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Limited to known culturable • Limited sensitivity for low-abundance microbes Zulu et al, 2023 Membrane filtration • Sample filtration through a membrane, followed by transfer onto a growth medium…”

Section: Culture Platingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waterborne pathogens detection technologies: advances, challenges, and future perspectives

Oon,

Ayaz

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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Advances in Pretreatment Methods for Free Nucleic Acid Removal in Wastewater Samples: Enhancing Accuracy in Pathogenic Detection and Future Directions

Vu,

Nguyen,

Nguyen

2023

Applied Microbiology

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Accurate pathogenic detection in wastewater is critical for safeguarding public health and the environment. However, the presence of free nucleic acids in wastewater samples poses significant challenges to molecular detection accuracy. This comprehensive review explores the current status and future potential of pretreatment methods to remove free nucleic acids from wastewater samples. The study contributes a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms, strengths, and limitations of various pretreatment approaches, including physical, chemical, and enzymatic processes. The effect of various factors on the removal efficiency of these pretreatment methods is also discussed. This review enhances our comprehension of pretreatment techniques and their vital role in achieving precise pathogenic detection in complex wastewater matrices. Furthermore, it outlines future perspectives and developments for improving the speed and effectiveness of pathogenic detection, contributing significantly to disease surveillance, early warning systems, and environmental protection.

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Approaches for the Detection of Escherichia coli in Wastewater: A Short Review

Cited by 2 publications

References 89 publications

Waterborne pathogens detection technologies: advances, challenges, and future perspectives

Waterborne pathogens detection technologies: advances, challenges, and future perspectives

Advances in Pretreatment Methods for Free Nucleic Acid Removal in Wastewater Samples: Enhancing Accuracy in Pathogenic Detection and Future Directions

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