The chapter adopts a broad approach, situating music piracy in a wider context of how and why people listen to and engage with music, given that questions concerning music piracy engagement hinges on understanding why people listen to music in the first place.Technology has changed how we choose and listen to music, and recent music psychology research explores the cultural as well as commercial impact of the digital revolution on contemporary music listening practices. Working from a social psychological perspective, this chapter provides an overview of why individuals choose to engage in music piracy, encompassing a discussion concerning the personality and individual differences of so-called music pirates. Acknowledging the wide-reaching impact of the digital revolution and music piracy on music listening practices, this chapter discusses the impact on the live music sector as well as the emerging omnipresence of streaming services. Discussion follows which unpacks the different functions which particular music formats satisfy, working from recent empirical data; the implications of which pertain to why people choose one format over another, as well as whether they choose to pay for music or not. Lastly, the chapter concludes by proposing directions for future research based on the findings from recent empirical work.