Approaches to minimize tooth staining associated with silver diamine fluoride: A systematic review

Abstract

Objective To the effectiveness of different strategies to overcome silver diamine fluoride (SDF)‐mediated tooth staining. Materials and Methods Four online databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched using different MeSH terms and Boolean Operators to retrieve the articles (until June 2021), followed by a hand‐search of the reference list of the included articles. All full‐text, original studies in English that evaluated SDF staining and at least one SDF modification/alternative were included. Results Among the assessed studies, nine studies explored the stain‐minimization effect of potassium iodide (KI) post‐application following SDF treatment. Among these, eight concluded that KI application after SDF treatment significantly reduced tooth staining, while one showed marginal staining following glass ionomer restoration of the SDF‐treated dentine. Additionally, one study applied potassium fluoride (KF) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) concurrently to mitigate SDF‐mediated staining. One study compared SDF staining with polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐coated nanoparticles containing sodium fluoride (NaF), and another used nanosilver fluoride (NSF) for staining comparison with SDF. Conclusions Within the limitations of this study, the addition of different materials to SDF has proven to be a beneficial strategy for overcoming tooth staining associated with SDF. Future studies are warranted, particularly clinical trials, to validate these findings. Clinical Significance SDF‐mediated tooth staining is a serious concern that limits its clinical use. A review of various strategies to overcome this problem will help clinicians enhance its clinical use and patient acceptance.

Color change of tooth-colored restorative materials bonded to silver diamine fluoride-treated dentine: a systematic review

“…Using photographic images for color assessment/analysis, one innate difficulty might be capturing images with identical environmental lighting parameters. Otherwise, deviations in the results would generally be expected [ 17 ]. The studies included in this systematic review commonly described photography equipment they used; however, they did not report photography conditions.…”

“…The following keywords were used: ("silver diamine fluoride" OR "silver diammine fluoride" OR "silver ammonia fluoride" OR "diamine silver fluoride" OR "diammine silver fluoride" OR "silver fluoride" OR "SDF") AND (masking OR mask OR masked OR color OR colour OR discoloration OR discolored OR discolouration OR discoloured OR staining OR stained OR stain OR esthetic OR aesthetic OR visual OR restoration OR restorative OR restored OR filling OR filled). Furthermore, reference lists of included studies and relevant systematic reviews [ 17 , 19 , 31 ] were manually searched for additional pertinent studies. The search strategy is presented in Supplementary material 1.…”

“…SDF as a simple, effective, and efficient treatment is safe with no acute systemic complications [ 8 ]. Nonetheless, its main disadvantage is black discoloration of carious lesions attributed to the formation of silver compounds on carious tooth surface, comprising esthetics [ 8 , 17 ]. This black staining could be a barrier to SDF widespread use [ 18 ].…”

“…It has been suggested that developing a way to minimise such staining would increase SDF acceptability [ 12 , 18 ]. Several approaches have been proposed to overcome this significant drawback, however, no definite clinical solution is currently available [ 17 ]. Potassium iodide (KI) solution applied following SDF resulted in a significant reduction in black staining in several studies [ 19 ].…”

Effect of light curing on the efficacy of silver diamine fluoride: A systematic review

“…Silver diamine fluoride (Ag(NH 3 )2F or SDF), a topical medication approved by the Food and Drug Administration, is used off-label to stop the growth of bacteria and active tooth caries. 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 This colourless photosensitive silver compound solution has a pH of 9–10, with 253,900 ppm of silver ions and 44,800 ppm of fluoride ions. 5 , 6 This medication has four basic methods of action.…”