“…UV irradiation [ 1 , 2 , 3 ], electron beam (EB) irradiation [ 4 , 5 ], and synchrotron irradiation [ 6 ] have been used to improve the adhesion properties of PTFE; however, these methods concern a deep modification depth and thus were excluded from the present study. Although various surface modification methods for polymers such as corrosive solution immersion treatment [ 7 ], plasma treatment [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ], and ion irradiation [ 12 , 13 , 14 ] have been developed, the most effective methods for PTFE modification include Na-containing solution immersion treatment (Na treatment) [ 15 , 16 , 17 ], surface graft polymerization after plasma treatment [ 18 , 19 , 20 ], surface graft polymerization during plasma treatment [ 21 , 22 , 23 ], and heat-assisted plasma (HAP) treatment [ 24 ]. Conventional plasma treatments have given a low effect of improvement in the adhesion property for PTFE [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]; however, Ohkubo et al found that heating during plasma treatment positively affected the adhesion property of PTFE.…”