Approaches to the modelling of energy utilisation in product life cycles

Hybrid evolutionary computation for the development of pollution prevention and control strategies

“…Use of PSO in pollution prevention is demonstrated with a case study from Kantardgi et al [6] on the use of binary programming to select appropriate methods for reducing hydrogen fluoride emissions in the production of clay bricks. The choice of application was based mainly on the availability of well-documented and rigorously reviewed technical and economic data [7].…”

“…This transformation is necessary to allow the cumulative emissions to be expressed additively as a linear polynomial as in Eq. (6). Since the total targeted emissions reduction is 90%, the coefficient C 1 ¼ log 10 (1 ÿ 0.9) or ÿ1.…”

“…Constraints include the target fluoride emissions reduction (90%) as well as logical conditions indicating technological incompatibilities among the nine techniques [6,7]. This model is a multi-constraint knapsack problem, which is known to be NP-hard; solution of the model can be found by using evolutionary-based algorithms such as PSO or GA [8].…”

Designation of Environmental Impacts and Damages of Turbojet Engine: A Case Study with GE-J85

“…Impacts are worked up into a single number (this value can be displayed as b, and also its unit is mPts) called the Standard ECO-indicator showing the environmental load of each process and making a comparison between them possible. The unit of measurement is the ECO-Indicator millipoint, defined as "one thousandth of the yearly environmental load of the average European citizen" [76,77].…”